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A Semantic Study of the Polysemous Adverb “sugu”
多義副詞「すぐ」の意味論的研究

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  • 발행기관
    한국일본언어문화학회 바로가기
  • 간행물
    일본언어문화 KCI 등재 바로가기
  • 통권
    제74집 (2026.04)바로가기
  • 페이지
    pp.7-18
  • 저자
    Miyagi Shin
  • 언어
    영어(ENG)
  • URL
    https://www.earticle.net/Article/A489833

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원문정보

초록

영어
This paper investigates the polysemy of the Japanese adverb “sugu” by analyzing it not merely as an isolated lexical item but within its modifier–head relations (hereafter, the sugu-construction). Previous accounts typically treat sugu as primarily meaning “in a short time” and derive the “easy” interpretation directly from a short time. However, this study questions that mechanical linkage and further argues for a possible repetitive reading, such as “repeatedly” or “frequent occurrence.” This paper defines the core meaning of sugu as proximity, namely a state in which temporal, physical, or speaker’s cognitive distance between entities are virtually absent. This paper proposes that this notion of proximity can be projected onto different dimensions of an event―closeness in time (duration), minimal triggering conditions (difficulty), and high event density between occurrences (frequency). To examine which reading is preferentially selected, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 130 university students (mid-December 2025) using identical affirmative sentences. The results indicate that the duration reading is favored with non-volitional verbs of change of state, the difficulty reading with intentional action verbs, and the frequency reading in contexts that encourage habitual interpretation, such as topic-marked sentences. An additional survey with 103 participants (mid-January 2026) examined negative sugu-constructions. The findings show that negation does not simply invert meaning. Rather, it consistently strengthens the time-delay interpretation (“not immediately”) and often increases the frequency reading through habitual negation, while the difficulty reading varies according to verb type. These results demonstrate that sugu is not a fixed temporal adverb but a polysemous modifier whose interpretation is dynamically shaped by the interaction between its core meaning of proximity and constructional factors such as lexical aspect, intentionality, sentence structure, and polarity.
일본어
本稿は、副詞「すぐ」の多義性を、語の意味だけでなく修飾関係(「すぐ」構文)の中で捉え直し、各読みがどのように選好されるか(読みの偏り)を明らかにすることを目的とする。従来、「すぐ」は「短い時間で」を中心義として、「簡単に」などへ拡張すると説明されることが多い。しかし本稿は、「短時間」から機械的に「容易」を導く見方に疑問を呈し、さらに「何度も」という反復的読みが成立する可能性も指摘する。 そこで本稿では、「すぐ」の本義を「対象間の時間的・物理的・認知的間隔がほぼなく近接していること」と定義し、この「近接」性が、成立時点の近さ(時間)、きっかけの小ささ(難易度)、蓄積する出来事間の間隔の小ささ(高頻度/回数)といった複数の側面に投影されることで、多様な読みが生じると仮定する。 大学生130名を対象とする質問紙調査(2025年12月中旬)の結果、肯定の「すぐ」構文では、非意志的な状態変化動詞において時間読みが優勢となり、意志的行為動詞において難易度読みが優勢となることが示された。また、主題提示などにより習慣的解釈が促される文脈では、回数読みが高まることも確認された。 さらに、同一グループの協力者103名による追加の質問用紙調査(2026年1月中旬)において否定の「すぐ」構文を検討した結果、否定は意味を単純に反転させるのではなく、「すぐには起こらない」という時間的遅延の読みを一貫して強めることが明らかになった。また、習慣否定として回数読みも上昇する一方、難易度読みは動詞タイプによって増減が分かれることが確認された。 以上より、副詞「すぐ」は固定的な時間副詞ではなく、中心義としての「近接」性を基盤に、動詞の語彙的アスペクトや意志性、文型、肯否といった構文環境との相互作用のもとで解釈が動的に定まる多義的修飾要素であることを示した。

목차

1. Introduction
2. Bias in the readings of the sugu-construction as an adverb of proximity
2.1 Multiple readings of the sugu-construction
2.2 Bias in interpretation of readings in the sugu-construction
2.3 Analysis of the bias in readings
3. Reversal of reading bias in negative sugu-constructions
3.1 Tendency of readings in negative sugu-constructions
3.2 Analysis of bias differences caused by negation
4. Conclusion
4.1 Summary of this paper
4.2 Final conclusion
4.3 Future issues
【References】

<要旨>

저자

  • Miyagi Shin [ 궁성신 | Toyama University, Faculty of Education, Associate Professor, Japanese Language Studies, Japanese Language Education ]

참고문헌

자료제공 : 네이버학술정보

간행물 정보

발행기관

  • 발행기관명
    한국일본언어문화학회 [Japanese Language & Culture Association of Korea]
  • 설립연도
    2001
  • 분야
    인문학>일본어와문학
  • 소개
    본 학회는 일본어학 및 일본문학은 물론, 일본의 정치, 경제, 문화, 사회 등의 일본학 전반에 걸친 연구 및 일본의 언어, 문화를 매체로 한 한국과의 비교 연구를 대상으로 하고 있다. 본 학회는 회원들에게 연구 발표 및 정보 교환의 기회를 부여하고 나아가 한국에서의 바람직한 일본 연구 자세를 확립하는 것을 주된 목표로 하고 있다.

간행물

  • 간행물명
    일본언어문화 [Journal of japanese Language and Culture]
  • 간기
    계간
  • pISSN
    1598-9585
  • 수록기간
    2002~2026
  • 등재여부
    KCI 등재
  • 십진분류
    KDC 730 DDC 495

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