This paper investigates the polysemy of the Japanese adverb “sugu” by analyzing it not merely as an isolated lexical item but within its modifier–head relations (hereafter, the sugu-construction). Previous accounts typically treat sugu as primarily meaning “in a short time” and derive the “easy” interpretation directly from a short time. However, this study questions that mechanical linkage and further argues for a possible repetitive reading, such as “repeatedly” or “frequent occurrence.” This paper defines the core meaning of sugu as proximity, namely a state in which temporal, physical, or speaker’s cognitive distance between entities are virtually absent. This paper proposes that this notion of proximity can be projected onto different dimensions of an event―closeness in time (duration), minimal triggering conditions (difficulty), and high event density between occurrences (frequency). To examine which reading is preferentially selected, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 130 university students (mid-December 2025) using identical affirmative sentences. The results indicate that the duration reading is favored with non-volitional verbs of change of state, the difficulty reading with intentional action verbs, and the frequency reading in contexts that encourage habitual interpretation, such as topic-marked sentences. An additional survey with 103 participants (mid-January 2026) examined negative sugu-constructions. The findings show that negation does not simply invert meaning. Rather, it consistently strengthens the time-delay interpretation (“not immediately”) and often increases the frequency reading through habitual negation, while the difficulty reading varies according to verb type. These results demonstrate that sugu is not a fixed temporal adverb but a polysemous modifier whose interpretation is dynamically shaped by the interaction between its core meaning of proximity and constructional factors such as lexical aspect, intentionality, sentence structure, and polarity.
1. Introduction 2. Bias in the readings of the sugu-construction as an adverb of proximity 2.1 Multiple readings of the sugu-construction 2.2 Bias in interpretation of readings in the sugu-construction 2.3 Analysis of the bias in readings 3. Reversal of reading bias in negative sugu-constructions 3.1 Tendency of readings in negative sugu-constructions 3.2 Analysis of bias differences caused by negation 4. Conclusion 4.1 Summary of this paper 4.2 Final conclusion 4.3 Future issues 【References】 <要旨>
한국일본언어문화학회 [Japanese Language & Culture Association of Korea]
설립연도
2001
분야
인문학>일본어와문학
소개
본 학회는 일본어학 및 일본문학은 물론, 일본의 정치, 경제, 문화, 사회 등의 일본학 전반에 걸친 연구 및 일본의 언어, 문화를 매체로 한 한국과의 비교 연구를 대상으로 하고 있다. 본 학회는 회원들에게 연구 발표 및 정보 교환의 기회를 부여하고 나아가 한국에서의 바람직한 일본 연구 자세를 확립하는 것을 주된 목표로 하고 있다.