Earticle

초록

영어

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of state anxiety on heart rate (HR) response during experimentally evoked musculoskeletal pain in healthy adults and examined whether HR response was associated with self-reported pain intensity after controlling for anxiety. Methods: Thirty healthy adults participated in this one-group repeated-measures experimental study. Experimental pain was induced using a digital pressure algometer (FPX 25; Wagner Instruments, Greenwich, CT, USA) applied perpendicularly to the dominant forearm flexor muscle belly. Pain intensity was assessed immediately after stimulation using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). HR was recorded using a chest-strap heart rate sensor (Polar H10; Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland). State anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–State form (STAI-State). HR was measured at baseline, during pain stimulation, and during recovery. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. Results: HR differed significantly across the baseline, pain stimulation, and recovery phases. HR during pain stimulation was significantly higher than that during baseline and recovery, and HR during recovery remained significantly higher than that at baseline. NRS pain intensity was positively correlated with HR change, and STAI-State score was also positively correlated with HR change. However, after controlling for state anxiety, pain intensity was no longer a significant predictor of HR change, whereas state anxiety remained a significant predictor. Conclusion: HR response during experimentally evoked musculoskeletal pain may reflect not only pain intensity but also the influence of state anxiety. Accordingly, HR should be interpreted as an adjunctive physiological indicator rather than a direct measure of pain intensity.

목차

Abstract
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Methods
1. Study design
2. Participants
3. Measurement and experimental instruments
4. Experimental procedure
5. Data analysis
Ⅲ. Results
1. General characteristics of the participants
2. Changes in heart rate following pain stimulation
3. Relationships among pain intensity, state anxiety, and heart rate change
Ⅳ. Discussion
Ⅴ. Conclusion
References

키워드

저자

• Tae-Woo Kim [ 김태우 | Dept. of Physical Therapy, Sion Welfare Center, Physical Therapist ] Corresponding Author

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  정형스포츠물리치료학회지 [Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy]

• 간기

  반년간

• pISSN

  1738-5946

• 수록기간

  2005~2026

• 등재여부

  KCI 등재

• 십진분류

  KDC 517 DDC 613