AHP 분석을 통한 파일항타기 작업 위험성평가 개선방안 연구 : 전도 사고 예방을 중심으로
A Study on Improving Risk Assessment for Pile Driving Operations through AHP Analysis : Focusing on the Prevention of Overturning Accidents
Pile driving operations are widely employed in foundation construction; however, a persistent risk of overturning remains, and studies that integrate ground heterogeneity and equipment dynamics into a quantitative, decision-oriented assessment framework are scarce. This study verified whether such linkages can be operationalized into a field-applicable system through an AHP-based framework. Based on documented accident cases and prior studies, risk factors were structured into a three-tier hierarchy, from which four intermediate domains—ground subsidence, excavation collapse, crawler ground contact pressure, and bearing mat load distribution—and 18 lower-level factors were derived. A pairwise comparison survey was conducted with 40 experts in construction and safety, after which the consistency of individual matrices (CR < 0.1) was confirmed and integrated using the geometric mean. The resulting priority rankings consistently placed geotechnical factors at the top, with uneven subsidence (differential settlement), inadequate foundation design, and reduction in pile bearing capacity occupying the highest positions, followed by bearing mat design and installation and groundwater-induced subsidence. In group comparisons, construction experts placed relatively greater emphasis on operational factors, whereas safety experts prioritized preventive and structural controls. Nevertheless, opinions of both groups converged on the substantial importance of ground-related risks. The discussion interprets these weights as actionable management points and acknowledges limitations, including the domestic sample, reliance on expert judgment, and static pairwise comparisons. Furthermore, by proposing revisions to risk assessment tables and on-site procedures, the study provides a quantitative basis for design review, ground investigation and monitoring, and bearing mat planning, thereby strengthening overturning prevention strategies for pile driving operations.
한국어
파일항타 작업은 기초공사에서 널리 활용되지만 전도 위험이 지속적으로 존재하며, 지반의 이질성과 장비 동역학을 정량적·의사결정 지향 평가로 통합한 연구는 드물다. 본 연구는 AHP 기반 틀을 통해 이러한 연계를 현장 적용 가능한 체계로 구현할 수 있는지를 검증하였다. 문서화된 사고사례와 선행연구를 바탕으로 위험요인을 3계층으로 구조화하였으며, 중간계층 4영역(지반침하, 굴착붕괴, 주행체 접지압, 깔판 하중분산)과 하위 18요소를 도출하였다. 건설·안전 분야 전문가40명을 대상으로 쌍대비교 설문을 시행하고, 개별 행렬의 일관성(CR<0.1)을 확인한 뒤 기하평균으로 통합하였다. 결과 우선순위는 일관되게 지반공학적 요인을 상위에 배치하였고, 불균일/부등침하, 부적절한 기초설계, 파일 지지력 감소가 최상위를 차지했으며, 이어 깔판 설계·설치와 지하수 유발 침하가 뒤따랐다. 집단 비교에서는 건설전문가는 운영 요인을, 안전전문가는 예방·구조적 통제를 상대적으로 중시했지만, 두 집단 모두 지반 관련 위험의 지배적 중요성에 수렴하였다. 논의에서는 이러한 가중치를 실행 가능한 관리 포인트로 해석하고, 국내 표본·전문가 판단·정적 쌍대비교 등 한계를 인정한다. 아울러 위험성평가 표와 현장 절차의 개정안을 제시하여 설계 검토, 지반조사·모니터링, 깔판 계획의 정량적 근거를 제공함으로써 파일항타 작업의 전도 예방 전략을 강화한다.
목차
ABSTRACT 요약 Introduction Background and Objective Theoretical Background and Review of Prior Studies Analysis of construction accident statistics and pile driving equipment accident cases Risk assessment for pile driving operations Literature review Limitations of prior studies Research Methods and Analytical Procedure Scope and method of the study Expert group survey Consistency Verification of Pairwise Comparisons Analysis Results Analysis results of mid-level risk factors Analysis results of lower-level risk factors Overall priority ranking of risk factors Analysis of different opinions by expert groups Proposal for an Improved Risk Assessment Framework Review of Research Findings Conclusion and Suggestions Summary of research findings Suggestion of an improved risk assessment framework Implications References