Heavy metal contamination in the environment poses significant ecological and health risks, particularly in industrial regions. This study investigates the accumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Mn) in Teak (Tectona grandis) plantations to evaluate its potential as a bio-indicator and phytoremediation agent. Soil (topsoil and subsoil) and plant (leaf and bark) samples were collected between September 2016 and July 2018 from an industrially influenced site and a background control site. Results indicate significant variation (p≤0.01) in heavy metal concentrations across different sample types, with the highest accumulation consistently observed in topsoil and subsoil. The order of metal abundance in the soil followed Mn>Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb, while plant tissues exhibited Zn and Cu as the dominant elements. The highest Cu and Zn concentrations in plant samples were recorded in bark, suggesting atmospheric deposition as a contributing factor. Lead (Pb) levels, though detected in all sample types, remained below the phytotoxic threshold. Statistical analyses revealed that industrial emissions and vehicular activity played a crucial role in metal distribution patterns. The findings suggest that while Teak exhibits limited heavy metal accumulation in its tissues, it could serve as an effective bio-indicator for environmental pollution monitoring. Further research is recommended to assess the long-term impact of metal accumulation on Teak growth and its potential application in phytoremediation strategies.
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Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Experimental site Soil sampling and analysis Leaf and bark sampling and analysis Data analysis Results Discussion Conclusions References