籌學先生案을 통해 본 조선 후기 算員의 他科 진출과 그 의미
A Study on ‘the entry into another Examination’ of Sanwon and its Meaning in the Late Joseon Dynasty through the Juhak Seonsaeng An
This article uses the three types of Juhak Seonsaeng An (籌學先生案) currently handed down, and the ‘DB Integrated Juhak Seonsaeng An’ as a new bibliography that built them into a database. In particular, I tried to empirically examine the aspects of the Sanwon (算員)’s passing and entering into another Examination, and to examine what social meaning it has.
As a result of reviewing the three types of Juhak Seonsaeng An in turn, paying attention to the aspect of ‘entry into another Examination’, it was confirmed that each of them was a different type of Juhak Seonsaeng An compiled independently. In the ‘DB Integrated Juhak Seonsaeng An’ as a new bibliography, 135 cases (133 people) were found when the matters related to ‘entry into another Examination’ were summarized. 135 cases from the total number of 1,231 people, so about 10.8% of cases have passed the another Examination. They had a strong intention to further increase their social status by passing another Examination.
Looking at the aspects of passing and entering another Examination, there are various Examinations, Chapkwa[雜科] (Yeokgwa[譯科], Medicine[Uikwa, 醫科], YinandYangGwa[陰陽科], Yulgwa[律科]), Mugwa[武科], and Samashi[司馬試] (Saengwon[生員], Jinsa[進士]). It is confirmed until the preliminary examination [Samashi] of the Munkwa [文科], but not the passing of Munkwa. Even within the Chapkwa, the proportion of Yeokgwa and Medicine [Uikwa] was high. It can be seen that the Sanwon mainly passed and entered Yeokgwa and Medicine [Uikwa]. There have been confirmed cases of entering Mugwa and Samashi [Saengwon, Jinsa], but there have not been so many.
It is believed that such background and dynamics had influenced the compilation of the Palsebo [八世譜] of ‘UiYeokJu’ [醫譯籌] by combining Medicine [Uikwa], Yeokgwa, and Juhak in one place. In other words, the Juhak entrants were becoming one of the most dynamic elements of social change in the Late Joseon Dynasty.