The present study examined socio-psychological factors that influence consumers’ technophobia toward artificial intelligence (AI) service robots. A survey of adult consumers was conducted using a professional research panel, and a hierarchical regression analysis identified key predictors. We found that older individuals and women reported higher levels of technophobia. Rational trust in AI robots reduced technophobia, whereas emotional trust increased it, indicating that the two dimensions of trust play distinct roles. Social connectedness heightened technophobia, while subjective happiness lowered it. Involvement with AI robots showed a positive but non-significant relationship, suggesting a more complex pattern than initially expected. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of considering cognitive, emotional, and social factors simultaneously when explaining fear responses to AI robots and underscore the need to distinguish between rational and emotional trust in theorizing about human–robot relationships. We discuss the practical implications of the findings for robot design and deployment, including strategies to enhance rational trust, calibrate emotional expressiveness, and provide reassuring information in public settings.