Earticle

초록

영어

The purpose of this study is to statistically examine whether there are significant differences in monthly smartphone fees among four age groups: infants, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. A one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) was employed to test whether the mean monthly fees differ significantly across these age groups. ANOVA is a statistical technique used to compare the means of three or more independent groups. In this study, the independent variable was age group (four levels), and the dependent variable was the average monthly smartphone fee. The results showed that adults had the highest average monthly fee (M = 5.20), followed by the elderly (M = 4.65), adolescents (M = 4.28), and children (M = 3.62). The ANOVA results indicated statistically significant differences among the groups (F-test, p < .05), and post-hoc analyses revealed that all groups differed significantly from each other. These findings suggest that the differences in smartphone usage patterns—parent-controlled and educational use among children, content-centered use among adolescents, functional and work-related use among adults, and basic communication use among the elderly—directly contribute to variations in communication costs. In conclusion, this study empirically demonstrates that age-related differences in smartphone usage patterns lead to significant disparities in communication expenses. The findings provide a foundational basis for designing age-specific mobile pricing plans and for developing policy measures to reduce communication costs among vulnerable groups such as adolescents and the elderly. Future research could incorporate additional socioeconomic variables (e.g., gender, income, occupation) and apply two-way ANOVA to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of factors influencing smartphone cost differences.

목차

Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Research Purpose
2.1 Definition of the Research Model
2.2 Research Method and Tools
3. Analysis of Variance(ANOVA)
3.1 Concept of ANOVA
3.2 One-Way ANOVA
3.3 Post-Hoc Tests and Multiple Comparisons
4. Analysis and Experiment
4.1 Model Specification: Independent and Dependent Variables
4.2 Hypothesis Formulation and Analytical Procedure
4.3 Data Collection and Descriptive Statistics
4.4 Normality Test
4.5 Homogeneity of Variance Test
4.6 One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
4.7 Post-Hoc Test Result
5. Conclusion and Future Directions
5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Implications Based on the Analysis
5.3 Policy Recommendations Based on the Findings
Acknowledgement
References

키워드

저자

• Seung-Jae Kim [ Assistant Professor, Department of Liberal Honam University, Korea ] Corresponding Author

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  The International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence

• 간기

  계간

• pISSN

  2288-2847

• eISSN

  2288-2855

• 수록기간

  2012~2025

• 십진분류

  KDC 326 DDC 380