Earticle

초록

영어

Aging is accompanied by progressive impairments in mitochondrial bioenergetics, apoptosis regulation, and gut microbiota homeostasis, all of which contribute to cognitive decline. In this study, we investigat-ed whether the effects of treadmill exercise on the gut microbiota-mito-chondrion-neuronal plasticity axis differed between young (15 months) and old (28 months) mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: early sedentary, early exercise, late sedentary, or late exercise groups and completed an 8-week treadmill training protocol. Cognitive function was assessed using the passive avoidance test and the Morris water maze test. Hippocampal mitochondrial respi-ration, Ca²⁺ retention capacity, and Bax/Bcl-2 expression were quanti-fied, and the gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S ribo-somal RNA sequencing. Mice that did not exercise in old age exhibited memory impairment, decreased mitochondrial oxidative respiration, re-duced Ca²⁺ retention, increased Bax expression, decreased Bcl-2 lev-els, and decreased abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia. Exercise significantly improved behavioral performance, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis balance, while also increasing beneficial gut microbiota. Notably, these effects were significantly greater in late-aged compared to early-aged mice. These results demonstrate that the efficacy of exercise in modulating the microbio-ta-mitochondrion-brain axis varies with age. Early-aged appears to rep-resent a more responsive biological period during which exercise is more effective in improving mitochondrial integrity, microbiota compo-sition, and cognitive resilience. These results suggest that initiating ex-ercise early in the aging process may maximize neuroprotective effects and delay age-related functional decline.

목차

Abstract
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experiment animals and groups
Exercise protocol
Step-through passive avoidance test
Morris water maze test
Western blot analysis for Bax and Bcl-2
Measurement of mitochondrial oxygen consumption
Measurement of mitochondrial calcium retention capacity
Measurement of gut microbiome composition
RESULTS
The change in behavioral performance
The change in apoptosis-related protein expression
The change in mitochondrial respiration and Ca²⁺ retention capacity
The change in gut microbiome composition
DISCUSSION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES

키워드

저자

• Sang-Seo Park [ Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea ]
• Hye-Sang Park [ Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea ]
• Ga-Ram Choi [ College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea ]
• Sang-Hoon Kim [ Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA ]
• Tae-Woon Kim [ Department of Human Health Care, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea ] Corresponding Author

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  JER [Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation]

• 간기

  격월간

• pISSN

  2288-176X

• eISSN

  2288-1778

• 수록기간

  2013~2026

• 등재여부

  SCOPUS,KCI 등재

• 십진분류

  KDC 517 DDC 613