The Earliest Koreanic Words for ‘Child’, ‘East’, ‘Mountain’, ‘River’, and ‘Shore’: A Comparative-Historical Linguistic Study of Several Kara (Kaya) Toponyms in the Samguk sagi
The languages spoken in the state of Kara 加羅 or Kaya 伽耶 (ca. AD 42 – 562) have remained largely beyond reach, impeded by previous approaches to the data. In this paper, I examine the earliest editions of the Samguk sagi 三國史 記 and the Samguk yusa 三國遺事 and offer an appraisal of certain Kara words and suffixes building on Beckwith’s phonetic reconstruction of the conservative frontier dialect of Chinese spoken on the Korean Peninsula in pre-Unified Silla times and on Toh’s geographic identification of Kara toponyms in the Samguk sagi. Following this methodology, I identify the original Kara forms of the toponyms Hadong-gun 河東郡, Agyang-hyŏn 嶽陽縣, Kyeja-hyŏn 谿子縣, and Habin-hyŏn 河濱縣. In addition, I analyze the earliest Koreanic words for ‘child’, ‘east’, ‘mountain’, river’, and ‘shore’, and the genitive-attributive suffix, as well as data from neighboring Puyŏ-Koguryŏic languages and dialects. The findings of this exploratory study exemplify a new approach to Korean Peninsular historical linguistics and elucidate the linguistic diversity of the Korean Peninsula in ancient times, thereby increasing awareness of Korea’s multilingual and multicultural past.
목차
Abstract 1. Introduction: The Languages of Kara (Kaya) 2. The Original Kara Names of Hadong-gun and Agyang-hyŏn 3. The Original Kara Name of Kyeja-hyŏn 4. The Original Kara Name of Habin-hyŏn 5. Kara Words Among the Toponyms and Cognates in Other Koreanic and Puyŏ-Koguryŏic Languages 5.1. ‘River’ in Early Koreanic 5.2. ‘East’ in Early Koreanic 5.3. ‘Shore’ in Early Koreanic 5.4. ‘Child’ in Early Koreanic 5.5. The Genitive-Attributive Suffix in Early Koreanic 5.6. ‘Mountain’ in Early Koreanic and Puyŏ-Koguryŏic 6. Concluding Remarks 7. Summary of Reconstructed Koreanic and Puyŏ-Koguryŏic Forms 7.1. Early Koreanic 7.2. Puyŏ-Koguryŏic 7.3. Koreanic and Puyŏ-Koguryŏic Ethnonyms and State Names Bibliography Appendix
키워드
Kara (Kaya)Sillahistorical-comparative linguisticsKoreanic language familyethnolinguistic history of KoreaPuyŏ-Koguryŏic languages
저자
Andrew SHIMUNEK [ An assistant professor in the Endicott College of International Studies, Woosong University, Korea. ]
한국연구원은 1970년 5월 한국 민속의 각 분야에 걸친 자료의 수집과 학술적 연구를 목적으로 '한국민속연구소'로 출발하였다. 그 후 1973년 5월 연구 분야를 확대하며 민속뿐만 아니라 한국학 전반에 걸친 연구를 위해 '한국학연구소'로 개편하였고, 다시 1989년 3월 한국의 국제적 위상의 부상과 함께 한국학 연구의 중요성이 높아짐에 따라 '한국학연구원'으로 확대, 개편하였다. 한국학연구원은 한국학 전반에 걸친 연구를 통해 지역과 민족문화 발전에 기여하며 한국학의 세계화를 위해서 학술활동을 강화하고 나아가 내·외국인에 대한 한국문화 교육을 담당하고자 한다.