I. Introduction II. Two approaches in linguistics II.A. Formal Approach II.B. Cognitive Approach II. Cognition II.A. Consciousness II.B. Perception II.C. Memory II.D. Evaluation and Ego-centrism II.E. Typicality, Functional Assembly II.F. Metaphor II. G. Metonymy II.H. Categorization II.I. KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD III. Conclusion References