Earticle

초록

영어

Marine bivalves are often used as a sentinel species in coastal environmental monitoring since changes in the environmental quality are often well preserved in their cells and tissues. Anadara and Tegillarca species of Arcidae, the blood cockles, are considered to be good sentinel species in monitoring coastal pollution and ecosystem health because they are distributed widely in the subsurface of intertidal mudflats. Internal cellular defense of the blood cockles to physical and biological stresses is mediated by the circulating hemocytes, while their hemocyte types and functions are poorly studied. In this study, we first characterized morphology and immune-related activities of hemocytes of three common blood cockles Anadara broughtonii, A. kagoshimensis, and Tegillarca granosa using flow cytometry. Based on cell morphology and immunological functions, we described five types of hemocytes identically in the three blood cockles: erythrocytes type-I (erythrocytes-I), erythrocytes type-II (erythrocytes-II), granulocytes, hyalinocytes, and blast-like cells. Erythrocytes were round cells containing hemoglobin with numerous granules in the cytoplasm and these cells consist of two central populations. Erythrocytes-I were the most abundant cells accounting for 80–89% of the total circulating hemocytes and exhibited a certain level of lysosome and oxidative capacity. Erythrocytes-II were the largest cells and displayed high lysosome content and the most active oxidative capacity. Both erythrocytes-I and erythrocytes- II did not show phagocytosis capacity. Granulocytes were intermediated-sized hemocytes characterized by granules in the cytoplasm and long pseudopodia on the cell surface, and these cells were mainly engaged in the cellular defense exhibiting the largest lysosome content, the most active phagocytosis, and high oxidative capacity. Contrary to granulocytes, hyalinocytes were comparatively small and round cells and exhibited no granules in the cytoplasm. Hyalinocytes displayed a certain level of lysosome and phagocytosis and oxidative capacities. Blast-like cells characterized by the smallest size and small quantity of cytoplasm and exhibited an absence of phagocytosis and extremely low oxidative capacity, suggesting that this population is not directly involved in the cell-mediated immune activities. In conclusion, flow cytometry indicated that three blood cockles had five types of hemocytes, and the erythrocytes and granulocytes were mainly involved in the immunological activities.

목차

ABSTRACT
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Sampling effort
2.2. Hemolymph collection
2.3. Flow cytometric analyses
2.4. Microscopic observation
2.5. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Hemocyte types
3.2. Morphology of the hemocytes
3.3. THC and percentage of each hemocyte types
3.4. Immunological activities
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Declaration of competing interest
Acknowledgments
Appendix A. Supplementary data
References

키워드

저자

• Jeong-Hwa Kim [ Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 PLUS) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea ]
• Hye-Mi Lee [ Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 PLUS) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea ]
• Young-Ghan Cho [ Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 PLUS) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea ]
• Jong-Seop Shin [ Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 PLUS) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea ]
• Jae-Won You [ Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc., Bucheon 14449, Republic of Korea ]
• Kwang-Sik Choi [ Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 PLUS) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea ]
• Hyun-Ki Hong [ Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 PLUS) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea ] Corresponding Author

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  해양과학연구소 연구논문집 [Bulletin of the Marine Science Institute]

• 간기

  폐간

• pISSN

  1225-5734

• 수록기간

  1977~2021

• 십진분류

  KDC 454 DDC 551