X-chromosome inactivation is one of the most complex events observed in early embryo developments. The epigenetic changes occurred in female X-chromosome is essential to compensate dosages of X-linked genes between males and females. Because of the relevance of the epigenetic process to the normal embryo developments and stem cell studies, X-chromosome inactivation has been focused intensively for last 10 years. Initiation and regulation of the process is managed by diverse factors. Especially, proteins and non-coding RNAs encoded in X-chromosome inactivation center, and a couple of transcription factors have been reported to regulate the event. In this review, we introduce the reported factors, and how they regulate epigenetic inactivation of X-chromosomes.
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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION X-CHROMSOME INACTIVATION CENTER TSIX JPX FTX RLIM PLURIPOTENT FACTOR OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG REX1, MYC, and KLF4 PRDM14 CONCLUSION REFERENCES
Jae Yeon Hwang [ Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven 06510, United States ]
Chang-Kyu Lee [ Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea ]
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