Earticle

초록

영어

Gonghu is the first instrument in the historical documents about Korean music, and has a very interesting story about it. In ancient times a fisherman's wife sung with Gonghu about an old man's sorrow who drowned himself in a river. Later on Yeo-ok and Yeo-yong made this Gonghu song very popular, and then the words of this song was preserved in the form of poem. In the Chinese documents there is a song title of Gonghuin which is one of Sanghwaga(相和歌), popular song in the period of Southern Dynasties (R.C5~6th centuries). With the resemblance of song title, we can say there is possibility that the ancient Korean Gonghu song became prevalent to the land of China, even the Southern Dynasties. But it is hard to prove this assumption because of the lack of documentary sources. Actually in antient times the concept of national border did not exist as well as the one of nation itself Moreover during the ancient times Korean people basically cultivated field and also were in nomadic life. Therefore it is quite natural that they got the cultural exchange between different ethnic groups especially in northern part of Korean peninsula. Under this half nomadic and half farming life style, the Gonghu song could be prevalent to eastern and western part of Asia. As Zhang Jian of Han Dynasty had already have traveled over the Pamirs through Central Asia, even in the ancient times there was already a great movement of cultural exchange. We can imagine that ancient cultural exchange especially in Asia with the haegum distribution. Haegum is originated from the upper middle of Nanhe, where had been belonged to the district of ancient Korea. Xi tribe ("Hae tribe" in Korean) was one of Donghu tribe who had lived in Rehe district, and they made the two stringed zither, haegum. After Haegum was introduced to China, it has diverse Chinese names like Huqin, Nanhu, Wengzi, ect. There is another Chinese name, erhu which became a main instrument later in traditional Chinese ensemble. Koreans pronounce erhu "ee-ho". In Korean "ee" means two, and "ho" means "borderlands". Therefore "ee-ho" means two stringed instrument from borderlands. Haegum spread far and wide along the Silkroad. In Kazachstan there is two stringed instrument, so called "kobyz" resembling haegum; there are two kinds of kobyz, "kylkobyz" and "narkobyz". Especially Shaman uses kylkobyz, whose materials can be made by eight different materials. It is very interesting because Korean haegum also can be made by eight different materials. On the other hand Kirghizstan and Uzbekistan also have bowed instrument like haegum. It is called "kiyak" or "ghichak", maily producing sound to mimic animals. It is common use with haegum because in ancient times haegum also produced human and animal sounds. Actually the word, "kobyz" is Turkish. Mongol has a same instrument, which is "khuur". Nowaday the most popular instrument in Mongol is two stringed instrument "marin khuur" with a horse head ornamentation. It is known as "madugum" in Korea: "ma" means horse, and "du" means head. Korean haegum had been introduced to the eur-asia world like Iran, Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, denominating "kamanche" or "kemanche", and to Turk and Egypt, "rabab". Therefore Mogolian "morin khuur", Armenian "kamanche", and Turkish "rabab" all belong to the haegum family. The Korean two stringed instrument, haegum which originated from northeastern Asia, especially Xi tribe (Hea tribe), was disseminated to the western world following the trading and cultural exchange. The Studies on ancient Korean instruments like heagum has historic importance in music history, establishing the connection of musical instruments between the orient and occident world.

목차

Ⅰ. 서언(序言)
 Ⅱ. 본문(本文)
 Ⅲ. 결언(結言)
 Abstract

키워드

저자

• 한명희 [ Hahn, Myung-hee | 서울시립대학교 교수. ]

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  한국음악연구 [STUDIES IN KOREAN MUSIC]

• 간기

  반년간

• pISSN

  1975-4604

• 수록기간

  1975~2025

• 등재여부

  KCI 등재

• 십진분류

  KDC 679 DDC 780