Earticle

초록

영어

The researcher has adopted a digital watermarking technique which operates in the frequency domain: a hybrid watermarking scheme based joint discrete wavelet transform – discrete cosine transform – (DWT-DCT). Its main objective is to test whether this technique can withstand attacks (its robustness) and invisibility (its imperceptibility), achieved by taking DCT of the DWT coefficients of the LL mid-frequency sub-bands from its band. To ensure security, the secret code (watermark) is scrambled using the Arnold transformation which is embedded in the original host image; only gray-scale digital images are used. The results of this research reveal that the secret code (watermark) is strong enough against threats (noise). Comparative results are measured using signal-to-noise ratio criterions, mean square error and normalized cross correlation. Simulated experimentation is done in Matlab.

목차

Abstract
 1. Introduction
 2. Joint Transforms
 3. Arnold Transform
 4. Description of the Algorithm
 5. Applied Measures
  A. Mean square error (MSE)
  B. Imperceptibility
  C. Robustness
 6. Experimental Results
 7. Conclusion
 References

키워드

저자

• Majdi Farag Mohammed El Bireki [ Department of Communications Engineering, Faculty Electrical & Electronic Engineering,Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia ]
• M. F. L. Abdullah [ Department of Communications Engineering, Faculty Electrical & Electronic Engineering,Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia ]
• li Abdrhman M. Ukasha [ Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Electronics & Computer Engineering Department, Sebha University, Libya ]
• Ali A. Elrowayati [ Department of Communications Engineering, Faculty Electrical & Electronic Engineering,Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia ]

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  International Journal of Security and Its Applications

• 간기

  격월간

• pISSN

  1738-9976

• 수록기간

  2008~2016

• 등재여부

  SCOPUS

• 십진분류

  KDC 505 DDC 605