On Jan. 1989, a dispute panel under the GATT found that Section 337 of the U.S. Tariff Act which provide the U.S. International Trade Commission may issue exclusion orders to certain imported goods infringing intellectual property rights violated international trade rules, especially national treatment doctrine of GATT article 4. Then U.S. Congress amended the article of Tariff Act. Early 2000, however the European Union (EU) alleged Section 337 of the act continued to violate U.S. obligations under the GATT and the TRIPs Agreement by not allowing national treatment to imported goods that allegedly infringe U.S. intellectual property rights. Specifically, the EU joining with Canada and Japan alleged that foreign companies confront with claims at the USITC as well as in U.S. federal courts, whereas U.S. firms may only be challenged in courts, and have fewer opportunities to encounter actions than domestic companies, because the article 337 of Tariff Act only governs imported goods, not exported goods, and therefore foreign companies are treated less favor than U.S. domestic companies. This double opportunity is a clear advantage for the domestic company then, would have to be regarded as a denial of national treatment to imported goods. Conclusively, it must not be ignored that successive enforcements are a way in which the complainant can involve the foreign respondent in lengthy and costly the proceeding and the litigation under USITC and U.S. Court. However, the article 337 of Tariff Act also protect foreign companies registering their intellectual property in the U.S. Also the enforcement of intellectual property against foreign infringement is not under the same situation as against the domestic infringement. Then, the article 337 of Tariff Act allegedly satisfy the necessary exceptions under article 20 (d) of GATT and article 3 of the TRIPs Agreement.
목차
Ⅰ. 문제의 제기 Ⅱ. 관세법 제337조와 GATT 1. 서론 2. 관세법 제337조와 내국민대우원칙 3. 미국의 대응 4. 수정된 제337조의 평가 Ⅲ. 미국관세법 제337조와 TRIPs 협정 1. 서론 2. TRIPs 협정의 최소한의 보호원칙 3. 내국민대우원칙 4. 잠정조치(provisional measures)와 국경조치(border measures) Ⅳ. 결론 참고문헌 ABSTRACT
키워드
배제명령내국민대우원칙TRIPs 협정관세법 제337조GATTExclusion OrderNational Treatment DoctrineTRIPs AgreementGATTSection 337 of the Tariff Act
본 학회는 지식재산 및 관련 제도(특허, 실용신안, 상표, 디자인, 영업비밀, 저작권, 반도체칩, 컴퓨터프로그램, 데이터베이스, 디지털콘텐츠 등)에 관한 국내외 이론과 실무에 대한 연구를 촉진하여 지식재산분야의 학문간 융합발전과 국제적 유대를 강화하고, 지식재산에 관한 지식을 보급하여 인적 네트워크 구축과 정책제언을 추진하며 이를 통해 국가발전에 이바지하는 것을 목적으로 한다.