This study is to understand the establishment, background, and development of Astronomical Science Museum and aspects of astronomy and science education and to recognize how science must act against public and space composition and its system of Astronomical Science Museum. If recently constructed facility were constructed based only on site property and vision of the facility, this study is to suggest space composition and criteria of Astronomical Science Museum. Through local case study, rural type, urban type, and combination type were found with site condition, and the space composition were studied accordingly. If space composition and size were complied with form of site arrangement considering Purpose of establishment and environment, it will contribute to use of facility and user’s convenience. Moreover, when project planning, manpower expansion and accommodation are provided, Astronomical Science Museum is expected to not only a cultural facility but also as a tourist attraction of the area. Development and innovation of science and technology enrich out lives, and because it is how we invest to our future leaders, the study expects actual advancement through systemized expansion of facility and meaningful program planning.