The purpose of this research was to investigate the various ESL programs for the limited English proficient students in the United States. The results were as follows: 1) The programs were either stand-alone ESL or English-plus ESL. 2) Stand-alone ESL programs were divided into pull-out, inclusion, resource center programs according to the setting of learning. The programs focused on developing English proficiency needed for the transition to the mainstream classroom. As a result, most students tended to fall behind their English-speaking peers, and suffered identity problems. 3) The ESL-plus programs oriented both content knowledge learning and the language use. By integrating content and the language, using native language to teach notions and contents, some of the programs were successful. Based on the research findings, some implications were made related to Korean Elementary English education: 1) Korean elementary English education needs to teach content area knowledge using English as a medium of instruction. 2) For that, teachers need to improve their English proficiency in a higher degree. 3) English education needs to consider the students' linguistic, academic, and cognitive levels. 4) Finally, English language learning experiences in and exposures to the English speaking societies of many students and teachers need to be persisted and reinforced through the nation's ongoing efforts.
목차
I. 들어가는 말 II. 미국의 ESL 교육 2.1 국가 정책적 배경 2.2 이론적 배경 III. ESL 프로그램의 유형과 특성 3.1 단일 ESL 프로그램 3.2 통합적 ESL(ESL-plus) 프로그램 3.3 성공적 프로그램의 실례 IV. 맺는 말 인용문헌 Abstract