The aim of this study is to explore Thomas Hardy's literary theory and his vision of life. It is very important for Hardy as a novelist to record a series of seeming or personal impressions of life in his fictions. As we consider Hardy's literary theory which is to strike and disproportionate the balance between the uncommon and the ordinary both to give interest and to give reality, it is not difficult to understand why Hardy continues to use chance, coincidence, grotesque symbolism, and awkward style in his novels. The secret of his fiction is to juxtapose uncommonness and commonness. The conscious knowledge of his aesthetic purposes makes him do so. Those elements in his fiction ultimately become an integral part of his fiction shaping a great meaning like a beautiful pattern in carpet. Hardy wanted to see 'the deeper realities' beneath the landscapes of life. Hardy's fictions reveal that 'the heart and inner meanings' of life are still tragic and unhappy as shown in the tragic lives of the many heroes and heroines. However, we should never fail to notice that the tragic ends of life in his major fictions may be the deeper realities of life like a sad symphony which Hardy understands as a principle of life in the absurd world. What he makes the tragic aspects found in human life into beauty was his eternal theme as 'a sympathetic appreciativeness of life', and how to focus light on their surfaces was his literary technique as an experiment for him. That was his literary theory which he wanted to realize for his entire life.