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영어

This article analyzes grammatical forms of Mongolian and Korean which can describe past situations. Mongolian suffixes -laa, -jee and -v are past tense forms, but they have different evidential connotations: firsthand past -laa, non-firsthand past -jee and neutral past -v. Korean has two grammatical forms which are mainly employed for past situation description: -ess- and -te-. Korean -ess- is a past tense form but -te- is an evidential form. Korean -te- is a firsthand evidential (past sensory observation), indicating that the speaker has firsthand information about the situation and that the information was acquired before the speech time. Non-firsthand past -jee in Mongolian and firsthand evidential -te- in Korean show a superficial similarity in their subject restriction. They are not usually allowed in first person contexts. When the first person participants lack awareness, control or intention of the situation, -jee and -te- are allowed with first person participants, the so-called ‘first person effect’. This article proposes to divide firsthand evidentials into three subtypes depending on the referential scope of the observee: experiencer-oriented, performer-oriented and observer-oriented evidential. ‘First person effect’ is redefined in this article to incorporate examples from ‘observer-oriented evidential’.

목차

Abstract
 1. INTRODUCTION
 2. PAST TENSE MARKERS IN MONGOLIAN
 3. PAST TENSE AND EVIDENTIAL DISTINCTION IN KOREAN
 4. SUBJECT RESTRICTION AND FIRST PERSON EFFECT
 5. TYPOLOGY OF FIRSTHAND EVIDENTIALS: BASED ON THE REFERENTIAL SCOPE OF THE OBSERVEE
 6. CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

키워드

Evidentiality Past Person Mongolian Korean Subject Restriction First Person Effect Observee Experiencer-oriented Performer-oriented Observer-oriented

저자

• JAEMOG SONG [ a professor in the Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Korea. ]

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