Others in Modern Japan and Onshinbyodo The theory of originated in Meiji era, was appeared because of the feelings of competition to the others. The others were western civilizations represented by Red Cross in prewar days, and foreign civilizations or Yasukuni shrine(靖国神社) in postwar period. The requiem for friend and foe in medieval age was digged out as Japanese tradition, but the contexts of the requiem were torn. Only the form of Onshinbyodo was emphasized, while the contents of Onshinbyodo were not contemplated. The weakest point of previous works is absence of standard judging the existence of mercy on historical texts. In this condition, productive arguments relating to Onshinbyodo or the requiem for friend and foe, are not expectable. The required thing for overcoming this condition, is the hypothesis of . Analysis of examples of onshinbyodo as word, and case studies in the requiem for friend and foe based on this hypothesis, should provide keys to make out traditions of Japan.