Idioms tend to present difficulties for L2 learners because their meaning is often not transparent, and the choice of vocabulary seems to be unsystematic. Recent studies in cognitive linguistics, however, suggest that although the words in idiomatic phrases frequently do not retain their original meaning, idiomatic usage is semantically motivated. Idioms can be viewed as instances of conceptual metaphors (CM) which are grounded in physical and social experience. The present study explored whether raising the learners’ awareness of the underlying CMs would help them retain the meaning and the form of the idiomatic expressions. Four different learning conditions were compared: 1) idioms grouped by CM with definitions and example sentences provided in English; 2) idioms grouped by CM with definitions and example sentences translated into Japanese, the students’ L1; 3) semantically unrelated idioms with definitions and example sentences provided in English); and 4) semantically unrelated idioms with definitions and example sentences translated into Japanese. The results of the study suggest that the conceptual grouping of idiomatic expressions facilitates understanding, and that students are more likely to benefit from CMmotivated instruction when underlying concepts are introduced in their first language. In order to help learners develop a productive knowledge of L2 idiomatic expressions, form-focused activities may be necessary.
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ABSTRACT IDIOMS AND IDIOMATICITY Redefining Idioms Cognitive Linguistics and Figurative Language Conceptual Metaphors and the Teaching of Idiomatic Language THE PRESENT STUDY Purpose Research Hypotheses Materials Procedures Participants RESULTS Receptive Knowledge Tests Productive Knowledge Tests DISCUSSION CONCLUSION CALL FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ACKNOWLEDGMENT THE AUTHOR REFERENCES APPENDIX
The goals of Asia TEFL are to promote scholarship, disseminate information, and facilitate cross-cultural understanding among persons concerned with the teaching and learning of English in Asia. In order to accomplish this, Asia TEFL will pursue the following goals:
1. To link ELT professionals in joint research on issues and concerns regarding English teaching and learning in the Asian context.
2. To publish an academic journal, The Asia TEFL Journal, as an internationally recognized journal in the field of English language teaching.
3. To host conferences and seminars addressing important issues concerning ELT in Asia.
4. To develop proficiency guidelines and assessment methods designed for the needs of the Asian context.
5. To develop programs for Asian learners and teachers of English to build their English language proficiency and cultural understanding and provide them with the skills required to be efficient English teaching professionals.