Thirty years ago, Edward Said (1978) strongly criticized western scholars for “essentializing” the “exotic other.” The “Orientalist” that Said described was complicit in a “discourse of power” that helped to enable Europe’s exploitation of the Middle East and America’s control over parts of the Far East. Postmodernists and post-colonialists of today share Said’s concern with neo-colonialism and seek to protect others from harmful stereotypes. Meanwhile, the field initiated as contrastive rhetoric, now often called intercultural rhetoric, commenced when Kaplan (1966) discovered different organizational patterns in the English essays of five groups of international students. Though initially oversimplified, the field began with an explicitly pedagogical purpose: to help second language learners write better English academic essays. This paper will examine how Said-style criticism of “Orientalists,” exercised by postmodernists and post-colonialists, has both helped to positively refine generalizations, biases and methodologies and simultaneously inhibited researchers and practitioners from further developing this pedagogically promising field of research in East-Asia.
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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Who is an “Orientalist?” Reexamining Generalizations Reexamining Ethnocentrism and Method The Impact on Intercultural Rhetoric Research Pedagogically Promising Research Pedagogical Implementation: The “How To” CONCLUSION THE AUTHOR REFERENCES
The goals of Asia TEFL are to promote scholarship, disseminate information, and facilitate cross-cultural understanding among persons concerned with the teaching and learning of English in Asia. In order to accomplish this, Asia TEFL will pursue the following goals:
1. To link ELT professionals in joint research on issues and concerns regarding English teaching and learning in the Asian context.
2. To publish an academic journal, The Asia TEFL Journal, as an internationally recognized journal in the field of English language teaching.
3. To host conferences and seminars addressing important issues concerning ELT in Asia.
4. To develop proficiency guidelines and assessment methods designed for the needs of the Asian context.
5. To develop programs for Asian learners and teachers of English to build their English language proficiency and cultural understanding and provide them with the skills required to be efficient English teaching professionals.