This paper examines the landscape movements in Japan. Landscape of a local area displays its unique characteristics. Residents engage in citizen movements to protect the landscapes of their localities. First, this paper will introduce the history of landscape movements and the current trend in Japan. Landscape movements gained precedence after the rapid economic growth period aiming to improve quality of life during the rise of ‘the regional era’ in early 1970s. Then, it will express how the meaning of landscape has changed and been recognized as time passed. Presently, a strong link exists between landscapes and the identity of a local area. Therefore, landscape movements are in the process of seeking their regional identity. A local area is considered to actively construct its own identity. However, landscapes in local area are largely affected by central government policy. Therefore, there is a need for autonomous residents to play a role in preserving and building regional landscapes. Finally through the example of landscape movements, this paper will examine resistance and appearance of movement participants. This will suggest a necessary role of residents in preserving landscapes in local areas.