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일본기독교 정체에서 본 일본인의 종교관 - 三浦綾子와 遠藤秀作의 작품 분석을 중심으로 -
The Japanese Religious Viewpoint Which is Viewed from the Stagnation of Japanese Christianity ― Centering on the analysis of the work of AYAKO MIURA and SYUSAKU ENDO ―

첫 페이지 보기
  • 발행기관
    단국대학교 동아시아인문융복합연구소(구 단국대학교 일본연구소) 바로가기
  • 간행물
    일본학연구 KCI 등재 바로가기
  • 통권
    제29집 (2010.01)바로가기
  • 페이지
    pp.297-319
  • 저자
    안증환
  • 언어
    한국어(KOR)
  • URL
    https://www.earticle.net/Article/A115875

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원문정보

초록

영어
The year 2009 is four hundred sixtieth anniversary since Japan accepted Catholic, and one hundred fiftieth anniversary since it accepted Protestant. Since then, there have been many martyrs and people who have had a great influence on Japanese society. However, the present Japanese Christians account for less than 1%, about one million, of the total population. Judging form this number, the settlement of Japanese Christianity could be viewed as failure. The reason lies in the unique religious viewpoint of Japanese, and this is confirmed in the work of AYAKO MIURA and SYUSAKU ENDO, Japanese typical Christian writers. Japanese Christianity, which had about 800,000 Roman Catholics in the early 16th century, started to have a very difficult time through a deportation order for missionaries by HIDEYOSI TOYOTOMI in 1587. About 300 years from the year 1587 to 1873, the early MEIJI, is classified as a "Christian era." Paradoxically, it was also the period of persecution with tens of thousands of Christian martyrs. The harsh persecution created so called "KAKUREKIRISITAN"(Christians in Hiding) which drew the world's attention. Meanwhile, with freedom of religion allowed by MEIJI government in 1859, many missionaries entered Japan and many influential Christians such as KANZO UCHIMURA and INAZO NITOBE appeared. However, also at this time, Japanese Christianity couldn't help being diminished because of the establishment of the Emperor system and the effect of imperialism, but these things are the only external cause, not the fundamental cause, because there is resistance everywhere when new religion is accepted. The fundamental cause is the Japanese religious viewpoint, which is pantheism, and the work of ENDO proves this. Christianity is not religion in which men go and see God, but religion in which God come and see men. AYAKO MIURA well illustrates this, whose work deals with the problem of sin as the limitation of human existence and describes God coming and providing relief for men. However, the Japanese don't seem to show a great interest in God of MIURA. Instead, they show an interest in "Mother God" of ENDO. "Mother God" of ENDO is the appropriate God for the Japanese, which ENDO, Japanese, went and found in person. God suitable for the Japanese is not authoritarian God, but loving God one-sidedly taking care of the weak, not the one and only God, but various-faced God. Because of this religious viewpoint, Western Christianity which means "Father God" and the one and only God at the same time hasn't settled down in Japan.
일본어
2009年は、日本にカトリックが入って460周年、プロテスタントは150周年となる年である。その間、日本キリスト教は数多くの殉教者もおり、日本社会に多大な影響を及ぼした人物も多数出している。しかし、現在日本のキリスト教徒の数は100万人程度で、全体の人口の1%にも満たないのが現状である。数値から見られる結果のみで判断すると、日本におけるキリスト教は定着に失敗したとも言える。筆者はその原因が日本人の独得な宗教性にあると思って、このことを日本の代表的なクリスチャン作家である三浦綾子と遠藤周作の作品を通じ確認する。 16世紀の初め、一時は80万人とも数えられたカトリックを中心とした日本のキリスト教は、1587年豊臣秀吉の宣教師追放令によって受難の期を迎えるようになる。日本では1587年から明治初期の1873年までの約300年を「キリスト教の時代」とも分類するが、逆説的なことにこの時期は数万人ものキリスト教徒の殉教者が出る等、迫害の時期そのものであった。そしてその厳しい迫害のため、後に世間の関心を呼び起こしたいわゆる「隠れ切支丹」さえ出てきた。一方、1859年明治政府から宗教の自由が許可されることによって、数多くの宣教師が日本に入り、内村鑑三や新渡戸稲造のような影響力あるクリスチャンも出ていた。しかしながら、この時期の日本のキリスト教も天皇制の確立や帝国主義の拡張のため、活性化には失敗してしまった。しかしこのようなことはあくまでも外的な原因に過ぎないものであり、根本的な原因にはなれない。というのは、新しい宗教が入って行く時の抵抗は、どの国においても付き物であるからである。日本キリスト教の停滞においてより根本的原因は汎神論という日本人の宗教観にあると考えなければならないし、それが遠藤の作品などから明確に確認できるのである。元々キリスト教というのは、人が神を尋ねていく宗教ではなく、神の方から人を尋ねてくる宗教である。そのような特徴をよく見せるのが三浦綾子の作品で、彼女の作品殆んどは人間実存の限界として罪のことを取り上げ、神が人の方へ尋ねてきてその人々を救ってくれることを描いている。しかし日本人は三浦の神にはあまり関心を傾けないようである。それとは対比的に、遠藤の「母なる神」には相当の関心を寄せて、「遠藤の神なら信じたい」という人が案外多いと言われる。遠藤の「母なる神」というのは、西洋キリスト教の権威ある「父なる神」とは違って、弱い人間すべてを一方的に抱き込む愛の神でなければならないし、唯一の神ではなく色々な顔を持っている神なのである。このような宗教観のため、「父なる神」であり唯一の神を語る西洋のキリスト教が、日本ではなかなか定着できないのであると思われる。

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말
 Ⅱ. 일본 기독교의 역사
 Ⅲ. 미우라아야코의 하나님과 엔도슈사쿠의 하나님
 Ⅳ. 엔도슈사쿠를 통해 본 일본인의 종교관
 Ⅴ. 맺음말
 【參考文獻】
 <要旨>

키워드

일본기독교 정체(stagnation of Japanese Christianity) 종교관(religious viewpoint) 박해(persecution) 범신론(pantheism)

저자

  • 안증환 [ 한남대학교 교수, 일본학 ]

참고문헌

자료제공 : 네이버학술정보

간행물 정보

발행기관

  • 발행기관명
    단국대학교 동아시아인문융복합연구소(구 단국대학교 일본연구소) [Institute for Convergent Humanities in East Asia (ICHEA)]
  • 설립연도
    1995
  • 분야
    인문학>일본어와문학
  • 소개
    일본연구소는 일본의 언어, 문학, 역사, 정치, 경제 등 인문, 사회과학의 제 분야에 관한 종합적인 연구를 통해 한국에서의 일본연구의 발전에 기여함을 목적으로 한다.

간행물

  • 간행물명
    일본학연구 [The Journal of Japanese Studies]
  • 간기
    연3회
  • pISSN
    1598-737X
  • eISSN
    2465-8448
  • 수록기간
    1997~2026
  • 등재여부
    KCI 등재
  • 십진분류
    KDC 730 DDC 492

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