ABSTRACT
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Consumer Online Reviews in the Context in the Era of Crisis
2.1. Online Customer Ratings amidst Elevated Social Anxiety
2.2. Online Customer Textual Reviews amidst Elevated Social Anxiety
2.3. Interaction of Ratings and Textual Reviews during the Pandemic
Ⅲ. Hypothesis Development
3.1. Rating and Review Polarity
3.2. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Review Polarity
3.3. Ratings of Cleanliness and the Review Polarity during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ⅳ. Data and Research Methods
4.1. Data
4.2. Model specification and measurements
Ⅴ. Results
5.1. Main Results
5.2. Robustness Checks
Ⅵ. Discussion
6.1. Summary of Findings
6.2. Theoretical Contributions and Practical Implications
6.3. Limitations and future research