Earticle

초록

한국어

본 연구는 항공사 승무원 대상 직무불안정성이 일-가정갈등에 미치는 영향 관계와 이러한 관계를 매개하는 변수와 조절된 매개효과를 갖는 변수를 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 4차 산업혁명으로 인한 신기술 도입과 코로나19 팬데믹 장기화 등으로 인해 항공사 승무원의 직무불안정성은 전반적으로 가중되고 있는 상황이다. 이렇게 높아진 직무불안정성이 직무 및 가정에 미치는 부정적 영향을 직무요구-자원이론(JD-R Theory)을 토대 로 검증하였으며, 이런 직무불안정성을 완화할 수 있는 기제를 도출하고자 하였다. 가설을 검증하기 위해 국내 7개 항공사의 기혼 승무원 362명의 표본을 대상으로 실증분석하였다. 분석결과로 첫째, 항공사 승무원의 직무 불안정성은 일-가정갈등과 유의미한 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 항공사 승무원의 직무불안정 성은 직무스트레스와 유의미한 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 항공사 승무원의 직무스트레스는 일-가정갈등과 유의미한 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 이러한 관계를 통해 직무스트레스는 직무불안 정성과 일-가정갈등 간의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 조직내부인 지위인식의 조절된 매개 효과 검증을 통해 직무불안정성이 직무스트레스를 매개하여 일-가정갈등에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 조직내부 인 지위인식이 조절하는 효과를 확인하였다. 다만 조직내부인 지위인식의 조절된 매개효과의 방향은 예측과는 다른 것이었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 시사점, 한계점, 추후 연구과제에 대해서 논의하였다.

영어

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the spread of new technologies and the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, the job insecurity of airline cabin crew is getting elevated. Most of the previous studies related to job insecurity were attempts to verify the negative effects of job insecurity, such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and organizational citizenship behavior. On the other hand, research on the effect of job insecurity on the family is still limited, and there are not many studies on how job insecurity affects the family. In addition, only a few studies have presented the theoretical basis for the process of job insecurity negatively affecting organizations and families. Job insecurity perceived by airline cabin crews who directly deliver services to customers at the service site can hinder service quality. Therefore, airline crew members’ job insecurity needs to be managed importantly in airline industry that is highly dependent on human services. In particular, it is necessary to review the effects of job insecurity and to study what mechanisms can be used to alleviate job insecurity. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between Airline Crew’s Job Insecurity and Work-Family Conflict. This study also investigates the mediating role of Job stress and moderated mediating role of perceived insider status in that relationship. The negative effects of job insecurity on jobs and work-family conflict is verified based on the JD-R (Job Demand-Resource) Model. For this purpose, a survey is conducted on 362 married cabin crews of 7 domestic airlines. According to the results of the research, first, it is confirmed that job insecurity has a significant positive(+) effect on work-family conflict. Second, job insecurity has a significant positive(+) effect on job stress, and third, job stress has a significant positive(+) effect on work-family conflict. Fourth, job stress is found to mediate the relationship between job insecurity and work-family conflict. In other words, it is confirmed that job insecurity perceived by airline cabin crews causes job stress in the process of performing the job, which negatively affects the family. Lastly, it is examined that the perceived insider status moderates the effects of job insecurity on work-family conflict through job stress. Contrary to predictions, it is found that job insecurity mediated job stress and strengthened the effect on work-family conflict. In other words, even if airline crew members are aware of job insecurity, the higher the level of recognition of status within the organization, the stronger the negative effect of job insecurity on the family through job stress. The causes of the results different from the prediction are as follows. According to the social exchange theory, members who aware their status high within the organization can be also highly aware of the obligation to return the favors that the organization has done to them. There is a possibility that they can perceive stress more on job insecurity. Therefore, more in-depth research needs to be conducted later on the possibility of the dual effect of perceived insider status. Practical implications through the empirical results of this study are as follows. First, job insecurity was found to be one of factors that cause stress during work and conflict at home. Therefore, there is a need to minimize and manage workers' job insecurity at the organizational level. Second, forming a sense of belonging to the organization as a job resource may be a way to alleviate job insecurity. In other words, airline cabin crews who perceive themselves as important members of the organization may have a lower negative effect on them even if they feel job insecurity. Therefore, it is necessary to seek ways to increase the various sense of belonging of airline cabin crews at the organizational level. Limitations of the research and future research tasks are also discussed.

목차

국문초록
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 및 연구가설
2.1 항공사 승무원의 직무불안정성과 일-가정갈등
2.2 직무불안정성과 직무스트레스
2.3 직무스트레스와 일-가정갈등
2.4 직무스트레스의 매개효과
2.5 조직내부인 지위인식의 조절된 매개효과
Ⅲ. 연구방법
3.1 연구 표본 및 자료 수집
3.2 변수의 정의 및 측정
3.3 자료 분석
Ⅳ. 실증분석 결과
4.1 신뢰도 및 타당도 분석
4.2 상관관계분석
4.3 연구가설 검증
Ⅴ. 연구의 결과 및 한계점
5.1 연구 결과 및 이론적 시사점
5.2 기업경영에 대한 실무적 시사점
5.3 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구
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Abstract

저자

• 김소형 [ Kim, So-Hyung | 인천재능대학교 항공운항서비스과 부교수, 경기대학교 서비스경영대학원 박사과정 ] 제1저자
• 김희경 [ Kim, Hee-Kyung | 서울대학교 대학원 경영학과 박사과정 수료 ] 공동저자
• 류성민 [ Ryu, Seong-Min | 경기대학교 경영학부 교수 ] 교신저자

참고문헌