1. Introduction
2. The Referential Theory and Its Problems
(1) The Principle of Substitutivity of Identity
(2) a.
(3) a.
3. Opaque Contexts and Intensional Logic
(4) a.
(5) a.
(6) a.
4. Semantic Ambiguities
4.1 Compositionality
4.2 Semantic Ambiguities
5. Concluding Remarks
References