Natural resource usufruct is the program of Chinese civil law and environmental law to regulate the use of the natural resource. It means the person in the law may possess, use and lucre the natural resource which owned by the state or collectivity according to the law. Natural resource usufruct has many defects, such as logical contradiction, departure from the nature of usufructuary right, nihility of building idea, obscure of the name, lack of civil relief, dislocation of legislation system and etc. They should be corrected before the civil code come into being in China.