パフォーマンスと暴力の日常実践 ― 『都新聞』に 描かれた日露戦後の東京「下町」の民衆 ―
Everyday Practice of Performance and Violence : Tokyo’s “Shitamachi” Populace in Miyako Shinbun after the Russo-Japanese War
Immediately after the RussoJapanese War (19045), the city of Tokyo saw what historians call the “era of urban popular violence” during which a series of urban riots led by dissident activists against national and local authorities erupted until 1918 rice riots. Though scholars of this era have paid attention to media and culture to study the formation process of modern subjectivity in the emergent nationstate, they have tended to imagine urban populace at the extreme ends of manipulated mass or potential revolutionary. As a result, the dynamic negotiation between nonelite daily life practices and the modernizing state imperatives has not been sufficiently studied. By examining local news articles in Tokyo’s most entertainmentoriented media, Miyako shinbun, from the perspective of Michel de Certeau’s “practice of everyday life,” this paper explores the politicality of the local popular cultural practices. I argue that nonelite dwellers in late Meiji Tokyo were capable of intermittently creating their own space for their theatrical and violent actions while negotiating with the state and elite discourse and system that formulate them into the homogenously “civilized” Japanese.