Earticle

초록

한국어

상증법상 물납제도는 납세자의 편의 제공과 과세권자의 조세징수권을 확보하기 위한 유용한 수단으로 활용되고 있다. 그러나 금전납부와 물납과의 형평성 문제, 물납대상재산의 관리 처분 기준 미흡으로 인한 국고손실, 부의변칙적인 이전 수단으로의 악용 등이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 반면, 2008년부터 증여세의 물납대상에 비상장주식은 제외되었으며, 상속세의 경우에도 다른 재산이 없는 경우에만 물납이 허용되어 가업승계, 중소기업 경쟁력 약화 등에 또 다른 문제점이 발생하고 있다. 본고에서는 현행 상증법상의 물납제도의 문제점으로 지적되고 있는 물납과 연부연납의관계, 물납재산의 관리․처분기준 및 평가방법의 적정성 등을 검토하여 다음과 같은 개선방안을 도출하고 있다. 첫째, 물납과 연부연납의 관계를 현행 선택적 관계에서 보충적 관계로 정립할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 중소기업의 원활한 가업승계를 위해 증여세의 물납에 제한적으로 비상장주식을 허용할 필요가 있다. 또한 물납된 비상장주식의 조건부 주식상환제도를 허용할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 최대주주등의 할증평가로 비상장주식이 과대평가 될 수 있으므로 이에 대한 개선이 필요하고, 시장성의 부재, 소액주주 등을 고려하여 일정한 할인율을 적용할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 매각중심의 관리에서 주주권 행사 등의 효율적인 관리로 전환하고, 매각 시 정보공개 및 분할매각 등을 통해 매각활성화를 도모할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 조세채무 이행에 대한 금전납부자 및 연부연납자와의 형평성을 고려하여 물납허가일 이후 수납일까지의 기간에 대하여 이 자세를 도입할 필요가 있다.

영어

Under the estate and gift tax law, payment in kind system could have been a useful measure for offering taxpayers convenience and retaining the rights of tax authorities to collect taxes. However, it has been pointed out several problems such as taxpayer's inequality between tax payment in cash and payment in kind, a decrease in national revenue due to insufficient criteria on management and disposal of a property subject to payment in kind, and abuses in ways for abnormal transfer of wealth etc. Especially, unlisted stocks is excluded in the property subject to payment in kind for gift tax purpose in 2007 year-end. In doing so, it could result in another problems such as preventing from invigorating succession to family business and lowering competitiveness of SMEs due to the fact that unlisted stocks are allowable for estate tax purpose only to a limited cases where no inherited property exists except for unlisted stocks. This study is mainly focused on reviewing criteria on management and disposal of a property subject to payment in kind, appropriateness of evaluation methods, and relationship between payment in kind and tax postponement on yearly basis. Finally, we found several improvement measures for payment in kind system that has been pointed out problems under the current estate and gift tax law. Firstly, relationship between payment in kind and tax postponement on yearly basis should be considered to convert optional to supplementary relation in terms of permission criteria of payment in kind. It is necessary to establish the concrete standards of assessments in regards to the specified grounds that tax payment in cash is indeed difficult, if both have supplementary relations. Secondly, unlisted stocks should be allowed only to a limited extent for gift tax purpose in order to effectively invigorate succession to family business. Basically, it is desirable in all aspects on a national scale because of strengthening competitiveness of SMEs through job creation and accumulated management know-how which are learned by succession to family business In order to do so, it is important to consider that unlisted stocks should be included in the property subject to payment in kind for gift tax purpose as well as acceptance of conditional redeemable shares on unlisted shares involving payment in kind. Thirdly, evaluation methods of unlisted stocks should be taken by discount rate considering minority shareholders and lack of marketability instead of premium evaluation for the largest shareholders which could possibly be overestimated. Fourthly, it is necessary to effectively do management by exercising the rights as shareholders by focusing on sales activities to supplement national revenue as well as invigorate sales activities by free access to public information and installment sales for sales transactions, Fifthly, interest tax should be taken by differences between periods from day of permission to the designated deadline for payment in kind on the basis of taxpayer's equality between tax payment in cash and payment in kind for complying with tax liability.

목차

요약
 Ⅰ. 서론
 II. 물납제도의 현황
  1. 한국의 물납제도
  2. 일본의 물납제도
 III. 한·일 물납제도의 비교
  1. 물납 가능 세목과 요건
  2. 물납 제출서류와 조건부 허가
  3. 물납재산의 양도특례와 물납철회
  4. 물납의 관리·처분
 IV. 현행 상증법상 물납제도의 문제점
  1. 물납과 연부연납의 선택적 관계에 따른 문제
  2. 가업승계시 비상장주식의 물납대상 제외에 따른 문제
  3. 비상장주식평가의 문제점
  4. 물납재산 관리 및 매각의 문제점
 Ⅴ. 상증법상 물납제도의 개선방안
  1. 물납의 보충적 관계로의 재정립
  2. 가업승계에 따른 비상장주식의 제한적 물납허용
  3. 물납 비상장주식 평가방법의 개선
  4. 물납주식의 효율적인 관리 및 매각 활성화 방안
  5. 조세형평을 감안한 이자세의 도입
 VI. 결론
 참고문헌

저자

• 李咏桓 [ 이영환 | 계명대학교 교수, 경제학 ]

참고문헌