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The ancient history and identity of Korean martial arts in general remain greatly disputed, and t’aekkyŏn has been mistakenly associated with taekwondo. The first existing reference to t’aekkyŏn dates back to the early eighteenth century. From that period until the turn of the twentieth century, a variety of records have survived, including several official and historical documents, some depictions in paintings, and a single photograph. After analyzing all these existing records, this study concludes that t’aekkyŏn in its past form was not a martial art as we understand it. Rather, it had various game-like qualities, and was also often associated with unruly behavior by individuals of the lower classes. In addition, public performances of t’aekkyŏn were probably connected to folk customs, rituals, and/or festivals, which could also explain its dancelike characteristics as a form of entertainment. While some suggest it may have had some earlier martial art roots, there are not enough existing documents to make any definite conclusion. Therefore, the current presentation of t’aekkyŏn’s as a “traditional Korean martial art” suggests an invented tradition.

목차

Abstract
 INTRODUCTION
 BACKGROUND: WEAPONLESS MARTIAL ARTS IN ANCIENT KOREA
 EXISTING RECORDS ON T갽AEKKY.N BEFORE THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
  1) Ch’ŏnggu yŏngŏn (靑丘永言) written by Kim Ch’ŏn-taek in 1728
  2) Taek’wae-do (大快圖) painted by Sin Yun-bok in 1785
  3) Chaemulbo (才物譜) written by Yi Man-yŏng in 1798
  4) Taek’wae-do painted by Yu Suk in 1846
  5) The Namwŏn’gosa of the nineteenth century
  6) The photograph: "Children playing T'aekkyon," by Arthur Noble in 1890
  7) Korean Games with Notes on the Corresponding Games of China and Japan, written by Steward Culin in 1895
  8) T'aekkyon in the Paekcha-do (百子圖) paintings of the nineteenth century
 THEORIES IN REGARDS TO THE NATURE OF T'AEKKYON
 T'AAEKKYON AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE "INVENTION OF TRADITION"
 IS MODERN TAEKWONDO THE RESULT OF THE "T'AEKKYON-IZATION" OF JAPANESE KARATE?
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

저자

• SUNGKYUN CHO [ a professor in the Department of Taekwondo at Youngsan University, Korea. ]
• UDO MOENIG [ a professor in the Department of Taekwondo at Youngsan University, Korea. ]
• DOHEE NAM [ a professor in the Shanghai Institute of Physical Education at the College of Martial Arts, China. ]

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