Earticle

본 논문은 전력변환기를 포함한 배터리의 충·방전기 회로를 제안하였다. 비 접촉 방식으로 전력을 전송 할 수 있는 무선충전시스템의 전송거리 향상을 위한 새로운 토폴로지를 적용하였고, 스마트 그리드 시대에 대비하여 전력변환기의 충전된 배터리의 에너지를 계통으로 보낼 수 있도록 계통과 양방향 전력 전달이 가능 하게 시스템을 구성하였다. 또한, 고 전력 밀도와 수명 향상을 위한 무선 전력 충 ․ 방전기 회로를 제안하여 최적의 설계 가이드를 이론적으로 제시한 후 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 그 결과 전송거리 향상을 위한 HQ_PWM방식의 설계 가이드를 제시하였고 동작분석을 통해 대용량의 무선전력전송을 구현하였다. 그리고 스마트와 그리드와의 연계를 위한 양방향 단상 계통연계 인버터의 프로토타입을 제작하여 양방향 구성을 검증하였다.

This paper proposes a battery charger/discharger circuit including a power converter. A new topology was applied to improve the transmission distance of the wireless charging system that can transmit power in a non-contact manner. Additionally, in preparation for the smart grid era, a system was constructed to enable power transmission in bi-directional with the grid so that energy from the charged battery of the power converter can be sent to the grid. In addition, a wireless power charger/discharger circuit was proposed for high power density and improved lifespan, and the optimal design guide was presented theoretically and verified through experiments. As a result, a design guide for the HQ_PWM method was presented to improve transmission distance, and large-capacity wireless power transmission was implemented through motion analysis. dditionally, a prototype of a bi-directional single-phase grid-connected inverter for smart and grid connection was produced and the bi-directional configuration was verified.

태양광 시스템은 최대 출력점에서 발전이 불가능하고, 유지 보수와 증설 및 대용량의 시스템이 어렵고, 설치비용이 크다는 단점으로 인해 상용계통과 연계한 PV 시스템은 인버터의 특성과 더불어 소형, 고역률, 낮은 고조파 출력, 고 신뢰성, 최대출력 운전, 저비용 등의 장점들이 요구되고 있다. 따라서, 이러한 시스템은 에너지를 계통과 부하로 전달하기 위해 양방향의 PCS가 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 일사량과 부하량에 따른 동작 알고리즘과 충․방전 제어기 설계를 통한 태양광 발전을 위해 에너지저장시스템을 고려한 PCS와 양방향의 효율적인 에너지 전달을 위해 연계형 인버터를 이용하여 DC-link 전압과 인버터 출력전압을 제어하였다. 제안한 시스템의 타당성을 입증하기 위 해 시뮬레이션과 실험 결과를 통해 검증하였다. 그 결과 제안한 시스템이 기존의 태양광 시스템보다 강인함을 입증 하였다.

PV systems cannot be generated at the maximum power point, maintenance, expansion, and large-capacity systems are difficult and installation costs are high, so PV systems linked to commercial systems require advantages such as small size, high power factor, low harmonic output, high reliability, maximum power operation, and low cost in addition to the characteristics of inverters. Therefore, such a system requires a bidirectional PCS to transfer energy to the system and the load. In this paper, the DC-link voltage and inverter output voltage were controlled using PCS considering ESS for solar power generation through operation algorithm according to solar radiation and load and design of controller for charging and discharging, and linkage inverter for efficient energy transfer in both directions. To prove the validity of the proposed system, it was verified through simulation and experimental results. As a result, the proposed system proved to be more robust than the existing PV system.

본 논문에서는 고성능 DSP를 이용하여 전력회생이 가능한 계통연계형 전압형 PWM 컨버터 시스템을 내장한 대용 량 전력변환기의 제어기를 표준화시켰으며, 전력용반도체소자와 리액터 및 커패시터의 용량 변경만으로도 시스템의 빠른 대체가 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한, IGBT 소자뿐만 아니라 GaN type MOSFET에 이르기까지 용량을 고려 하여 다양화 및 대용량화가 가능한 설계 데이터를 확보하였다. 그 결과 태양광 인버터를 이용하여 ESS 부착시 독립 형 시스템으로의 사용이 가능하고 배터리 전원측으로 에너지 회생 또한 가능하여 95% 이상의 효율을 가지고 있어 에너지 절감효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

In this paper, the controller of a large-capacity power converter with a grid-connected voltage-type PWM converter system capable of power regeneration using high-performance DSP was standardized. And it was confirmed that the system can be quickly replaced by simply changing the capacity of the power semiconductor device, reactor, and capacitor. In addition, design data capable of diversifying and increasing the capacity of the device has been secured in consideration of capacities from not only IGBT devices to GaN type MOSFETs. s a result, it was confirmed that the use of a standalone system equipped with ESS using a solar inverter is possible, and energy regeneration to the battery power side is also possible, so it has an efficiency of 95% or more, and thus there is an energy saving effect.

본 연구에서는 조직의 혁신분위기(organizational innovation climate)가 조직의 혁신능력(innovation capability)에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 분석하고자 한다. 조직의 혁신분위기가 조직 차원의 혁신능력에 영향을 미치는 과정을 분석하기 위해 선행연구를 바탕으로 지식공유(knowledge sharing), 흡수능력(absorptive capacity)를 매개변수로 제시하였다. 제안한 가설을 검증하기 위해 혁신을 도모한 적이 있는 기업의 구성원을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 구조방정식 방법 중 하나인 PLS 방법을 이용하여 분석을 진행하였다. 분석결과, 조직의 혁신분위기는 매개변수인 지식공유, 흡수능력에 긍정적인 영향을 끼치는 것으로 분석되었다. 매개변수인 흡수능력은 혁신능력에 긍정적으로 영향을 끼치지만, 지식공유는 혁신능력에 직접적으로 영향을 끼치지 않고 흡수능력을 높임으로써 혁신능력에 영향을 끼친다고 분석되었다. 본 연구결과, 조직 차원에서 혁신 도모하고자 하는 기업은 조직 전반에 걸친 혁신 분위기를 조성함으로써 조직 내 지식공유를 활발하게 할 수 있고, 이는 조직의 흡수능력을 높임으로써 결과적으로 조직의 혁신능력을 향상을 도모 할 것으로 예상한다.

전혈과 소변에서 benzodiazepines와 그 대사체들, zolpidem 및 zopiclone의 확인과 정량을 액체 -액체추출법(LLE)과 초고성능 액체크로마토그래피/탄뎀질량분석법(UPLC-MS/MS)으로 수행하였다. 이 약물들은 2M Trizma-HCl (pH 9.2)로 완충된 전혈 또는 소변으로부터 1 mL 1-chlorobutane을 사용하여 추출하고 UPLC로 분리하였다. 확인시험은 MRM 모드에서 머무름 시간, 정량이온 대 타겟이온의 이온 세기비로 결정하였다. 이 시험방법은 미국 FDA와 한국 식품의약품안전처 및 법독성학 분야에서 권고 하는 생체시료에 대한 시험방법 유효화에 대한 가이드라인을 적용하여 검증하였다. 시험방법 유효성은 선택성, LLOQ, 작업범위, LOD, 직선성, 정확도, 정밀도, 매질효과, 회수율, 단기 안정성, 냉·해동 안정 성 및 장기간 저장 안정성을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 법독성학에서 benzodiazepines와 그 대사체들, zolpidem 및 zipiclone 등을 정확하게 확인하고 정량하는 시험방법과 분석과정이 유용함을 증명하였다.

The confirmation and quantification of benzodiazepines and their metabolites, zolpidem and zopiclone in whole blood and urine were carried out by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). These drugs were extracted from 0.2 mL whole blood or urine buffered with 2M Trizma-HCl (pH 9.2) using 1 mL 1-chlorobutane and were separated by UPLC. The confirmation was determined by retention time and ion ratio of quant. ion to target ion in MRM mode. This method was verified by the guideline of bioanalytical method validation recommended by US FDA, Korean FDA and the field of forensic toxicology. The method validation are confirmed by the selectivity, LLOQ, working range, LOD, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery, processed sample stability, freeze/thaw stability, and long term stability. In conclusion, this analytical method and procedure have been proven to be useful for the routine and accurate confirmation and quantification of benzodiazepines and metabolites, zolpidem and zopiclone for the forensic toxicology.

기체크로마토그래프-질량분석법(GC/MS)의 Scan 및 SIM mode 동시 분석법을 이용하여 25종의 유기인계 농약성분을 선택적으로 분석하였으며 추출은 고체상미량 추출법으로 Oasis HLB 카트리지를 사용하였다. 전자충격으로 분석대상 화합물을 이온화시켰으며 Scan mode와 3개의 특징 이온을 이용한 SIM mode로 각각의 크로마토그램을 얻었다. GC/MS의 SIM mode의 검출정도는 Scan mode 보다 좋으나 특정 목적 성분이외는 어떤 정보도 얻을 수 없는 단점이 있기 때문에 Scan mode를 동시에 얻음으로서 이 러한 단점을 보완할 수 있었으며 SIM mode를 이용하여 25종의 유기인계 농약성분에 대하여 시험법에 대 한 유효화를 실시하였다. 혈액에서 25종의 유기인계 농약 성분의 회수율은 62.8% ~ 98.0%였으며 검출한계 및 정량한계는 각 각 5 ng/mL ~ 10 ng/mL 및 10 ng/mL ~ 20 ng/mL로 나타났다. 직선성은 20 ng/mL의 농도 로부터 유기인계 농약의 성분에 따라 250 ng/mL ~ 2500 ng/mL에서 r2 = 0.99 이상의 직선성을 보였으며 시험 간 및 시험 내의 정확도와 정밀도가 유효화 조건을 충족하였다.

This study described a specific and sensitive method for the determination of 25 organophosphorus pesticides in blood, using a rapid solid-phase extraction(SPE) procedure with Oasis HLB cartridges and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in synchronous scan and selective ion monitoring(SIM) modes. The ionization was carried out by electron impact and acquisition in scan and SIM mode identifying three specific ions per component. Scan GC/MS analysis is a commonly employed data collection mode for pesticides to acquire both qualitative and quantitative information and SIM analysis provides more sensitivity than the scan mode does, but does not give any information regarding non-target analytes. So combining these two analysis modes makes a more powerful analysis method that can give synchronously both qualitative and quantitative information. Extraction recoveries were satisfactory and ranged between 62.8 and 98.0% in blood. Limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 5 to 10 ng/mL and limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 10 to 20 ng/ mL in blood. An excellent linearity was observed, r2> 0.99, from 20 up to 250-2500 ng/mL for the components of organophosphorus pesticides. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were satisfactory for the most of 25 organophosphorus pesticides analyzed.

법과학적 문서감정에서 연필 종류의 필적이 위조 또는 변조되었는지 확인하기 위해 연필(pencil) 또는 기계식펜(mechanical pencil) 중 어떤 필기구로 기재되었는지 결정할 경우가 있다. 연필심과 기계식 펜심은 흑연 또는 활성탄을 점토(clay) 또는 수지(resin)와 혼합하여 제조된다. 특히 점토의 차이는 연필심과 기계식펜심을 판별하는 좋은 기준이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 14종 연필과 15종 기계식펜심으로 기재된 필적 표면을 SEM-EDS로 분석하였다. 점토는 탈크(talc), 파이로필라이트(pyrophyllite), 카올리나이트(kaolinite), 스멕타이트(smectite), 그리고 일라이트(illite) 등의 광물들로 구성되며, 주요 원소성분은 실리콘(Si), 알루미늄(Al), 마그네슘(Mg), 산소(O) 등이다. 연필 필적에서 점토의 존재는 Mg < Al < Si 순서로 원소 함량을 증가시키는 경향을 보였으나, 기계식펜 필적에서 Mg, Al, Si 의 함량이 적고 특히 Al의 함량이 매우 적거나 없었다. 또한 종이의 영향을 고려하여 종이 펄프의 탄소(C)와 충전제(filler)로 사용되는 탄산칼슘의 칼슘(Ca)을 바탕성분으로 포함하였다. 선형판별분석(LDA)과 서포트벡터머신(SVM)을 적용하여 Al/Mg, Al/Si, Si/Ca 및 Ca/C의 상대비율을 기반으로 필적을 분류하는 모델을 확립하였다. 본 연구결과는 연필 또는 기계식펜으로 기재된 필적을 판별하는 중요한 방법을 제공하며, 연필류 필기구로 작성된 법과학 문서 감정에서 필적의 가필, 위조 또는 변조 여부를 검증하는데 기여할 것이다.

In forensic document examination, it is often necessary to determine whether a handwriting mark has been forged or altered by identifying whether it was written with a pencil or a mechanical pencil. Pencil and mechanical pencil leads are composed of graphite or activated carbon mixed with clay or resin, depending on the type of pencil. Particularly, the difference in the clay can be a good criteria for distinguishing between pencil leads and mechanical pencil leads. In this study, the surface of handwriting marks written with 14 types of pencils and 15 types of mechanical pencil leads was analysed using SEM-EDS. Clay is composed of minerals such as talc, pyrophyllite, kaolinite, smectite and illite, etc., with the primary elements being silicon (Si), aluminium (Al), magnesium (Mg), and oxygen (O). In pencil handwriting mark, the presence of clay resulted in an increasing trend of Mg < Al < Si elemental content, while in mechanical pencil handwriting mark, the weight % of Mg, Al, and Si were significantly lower, with Al being particularly minimal or absent. Additionally, carbon (C) from the pulp and calcium (Ca) from calcium carbonate filler were considered as background components due to the influence of the paper. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) were applied to the ratios of Al/Mg, Al/Si, Si/Ca, and Ca/C to classify the handwriting mark. This study provides a crucial method for distinguishing between pencil and mechanical pencil in handwriting mark, contributing to the verification of handwriting addition, forgery or alteration in the forensic document written by pencil-type instrument.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of insomnia treatment applied with Giungoroen-therapy in relieving adhesive capsulitis. Methods: There is a patient who has had insomnia symptoms for 2 years ago and complained of shoulder pain from 5 months ago. Korean medicine treatment like acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine and Giungoroen -therapy was applied to this patient. As evaluation tools, the numeral rating scale(NRS), a tool for pain evaluation and the Insomnia Severity Index(ISI), a sleep quality evaluation tool, were used. After 12 days of treatment, the range of motion of the shoulder joint increased and the NRS score improved from 8 to 5 and the ISI score improved from 22 to 16. Conclusion: For the treatment of adhesive capsulitis, it can be effective to relieve insomnia by applying Korean medicine treatments, including Giungoroen-therapy.

Intramuscular myxoma is a rare benign myxoid tumor that is difficult to differentiate from other benign soft tissue tumors and sarcoma, and as a result, intramuscular myxoma is commonly misdiagnosed as another type of soft tissue tumor. Accordingly, awareness of the existence of this condition is a fundamental requirement for treatment decision-making. Furthermore, although intramuscular myxoma appears grossly to be well-circumscribed, it can infiltrate adjacent soft tissue microscopically. Tumor resection is the recommended treatment, but appropriate surgical margin sizes remain controversial. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first South Korean report to be issued on the treatment of intramuscular myxoma of the foot.

본 논문에서는 접지전극이 상호 간섭의 문제가 발생했을 때 파급효과가 큰 차폐시스템의 패넬과 접지전극으로 널리 사용되고 있는 봉상전극, 메쉬전극, 판상전극을 2차원에 점 전류원의 집합체로 가정하여 이에 대한 전극표면전위를 이용하였다. 실험에 사용한 수조모델의 유한성과 축척에 의해 제작된 모델전극의 축척한계를 수조모델의 크기에 대해 실험오차에 따른 중단오차를 최대한 줄이는 수법으로 실험모델전극을 선정하였다. 복수의 접지도체가 동일 접지저항구역 내에 존재할 경우 도체의 형상 및 매설 조건에 따른 간섭효과의 척도로 사용되는 전위간섭계수의 도출 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 실험에 사용한 접지전극의 수치시뮬레이션을 통해 이론의 타당성을 검증하고, 검증된 이론과 모의실험을 통해 본 연구를 구체화 하였다.

In this paper, the electric potential of electrode surface is investigated by assuming them as two dimensional sets of point current sources. And, the simulated water tank is manufactured as a reduced scale of the earth. Henceforth, the adequate model electrode for test is decided to decrease experimental errors relevant to the limitation of the size of the water tank. The one of important things of this work, the deduction method of the potential interference factor is proposed, which used as the criterion of the potential interference according to the shape of conductors and the laying conditions, when multiple grounding conductors are situated at the same resistance grounding area. Also, the validity of this theory is verified from a numerical simulation of the grounding electrode to be used in experiments, and this study is realized by the verified theory and the simulated experiments.

Whereas recent domestic buildings and industrial facilities are being constructed as large as possible, the daylighting systems for the large space have rarely been developed. Domestic situation has been reported as only several small or medium sized daylighting systems have been developed, and the large scaled systems have entirely being imported from abroad. We have developed a large scaled daylighting system for the big space. The developed system have been evaluated in terms of the average system efficiency and daylighting factor. Each results are shown with tabulated experimental data.

PURPOSES: Used in transportation planning and traffic engineering, almost traffic simulation tools have input variable values optimized by overseas traffic flow attribution because they are almost developed in overseas country. Thus, model calibration appropriated for internal traffic flow attribution is needed to improve reliability of simulation method. METHODS : In this study, the traffic flow model calibration is based on expressways. For model calibration, it needs to define each expressway link according to attribution, thus it is classified by design speed, geometric conditions and number of lanes. And modified greenshield model is used as traffic flow model. RESULTS : The result of the traffic model calibration indicates that internal congested density is lower than overseas. And the result of analysis according to the link attribution indicates that the more design speed and number of lanes increase, the lower the minimum speed, the higher the congested density. CONCLUSIONS: In the traffic simulation tool developed in overseas, the traffic flow is different as design speed and number of lanes, but road segment don't affect traffic flow. Therefore, these results need to apply reasonably to internal traffic simulation method.

제안된 회로는 교류 입력 전원부와 무손실 스너버 회로가 부가된 DC-DC 컨버터와 DC-AC 변환을 위한 인버터로 구성하였다. 변환된 등가회로를 이용하여 형광램프의 특성을 만족시킬 수 있는 최적의 회로상수를 결정해서 설계함으로써 기존의 인버터 직류측에서 발생되는 맥동주파수에 의한 왜형파 발생을 제거하고 인버터의 입력전류를 불연속이 되도록 하므로써 맥동율과 스위칭 손실을 현저히 감소시켰다. 이러한 모든 결과를 증명하기 위하여 40 W 직관형 형광램프를 대상으로 실험하여 고조파의 발생을 측정한 결과 제안된 전자식 안정기의 우수성을 확인하였다.

Proposed electronic ballast circuit for harmonic reduction includes adding lossless snubber circuit to DC-DC converter. To get inverter for changing DC-AC, a lamp has been changed to equivalence resistance in the standard lamp voltage and current data, also inverter circuit has been interpreted by being changed to R, L, C equivalence circuit. Using converted equivalent circuit, the most suitable circuit constant which can satisfy the characteristics of fluorescent lamps has been decided on and finally designed. It could not only eliminate distortion waveform from pulsation frequency in inverter direct side current but also reduce considerably pulsation rate and switching loss by making input current of inverter discontinuous. The validity for the results of this study has been verified through the experiment to measure harmonic occurrence after applying a newly-manufactured product of electronic ballast to 40 W line tube style fluorescent lamps.

In this paper, the performance of Hybrid Dimming control system for Daylighting system is evaluated by accredited tests. The system controls the balance of illuminance of daylight between daylight system and LED light system. It makes the normal illuminance of interior without the effects of weather by controlling the LED depending on the brightness of outside. For the tests, 6 diffusers($600{\times}300mm$) were installed in lighting area($36m^2$) and normal operation of the system sensors were tested about the interference of sunlight. The results of the examinations were satisfied with the criteria of accredited tests. Further research is the verification of energy saving effect by comparing the Hybrid Dimming control system to current artificial light system.

Daylighting system is an alternative lighting system using daylight collecting device, light transformer and light diffuser. In this paper, we developed a daylighting system in which the collecting device composed by dual parabolic reflectors, the silica optical fiber adapted to the light transformer and light diffuser made of the polyglass square sheet. We have estimated the system efficiency and general color rendering index(Ra) of the developed system. The system efficiency measured to 23.8% and Ra was revealed as 95. Ra number of the developed system is bigger than the number(65) of the previous fresnel lens based sunlight collector.

We developed a parabolic reflector based daylighting system which can be used as an alternative indoor daytime lighting device such as for fluorescent lamps. The system comprises three main components : a daylight concentrator made of 4 pairs of parabolic reflectors and mirrors, a silica optical fiber bundle based light transmitter, and 4 light diffusers for the final indoor delivery of the collected daylight. We analyzed the performance of the system and revealed the system efficiency and daylighting factor. All test methods follow the rule, NR PV601 : 2007-daylighting system, governed by Korea Energy Management Corporation.

논문에서는 전력용반도체 소자의 수명예측으로 기초적인 동작환경과 구동시간들을 기록하였다. 전력변환기의 제어기에 의하여 전력소자의 구동시간과 방렬기의 온도 등 동작환경을 누적하여 기록하고 이를 확인할 수 있도록 하므로써 전력용 반도체소자는 그 구조에서 수명은 반도체 칩의 온도변화의 크기와 반복회수로 사용기간을 보증하고 있으므로 이에 의한 수명의 예측으로 유지보수 또는 교체가 적절한 시점에서 이루어질 수 있다고 판단된다.

In this paper, the basic behavior of the environment and the driving time as a prediction of the lifetime of the power semiconductor devices were recorded. Radiator of a power device driving time and temperature operating environment, including cumulative record by the controller of the power converter, and doing it so you can see the power semiconductor devices for the life of the structure that the size of the change in the temperature of the semiconductor chip and the number of iterations to maintenance warranty period because of a lifetime by forecasting or replacement can be made at the appropriate time that is considered.