Earticle

本稿では、1955年の第一版の出版以來1998年まで第五版が出た、總項目二十三万の岩波書店の『廣辭苑』五版を對象に、日本語のジェンダに對する基本認識と規範の一面を調べる。辭書というものが語彙目錄であるという特性を考慮し、見出し語をその硏究對象とし、分析範圍はジェンダの代表的な語である「男」と「女」のつく見出し語とする。收集した資料は「男」と「女」の位置により、「慣用句」「前方一致」「後方一致」と分類し、その意味分野および男女の對關係を中心に分析し、『廣辭苑』の ジェンダに對する認識を語彙的な側面から調べる。なお、見出し語の解說の方法および提示の方向をジェンダ論の側面から分析する。 「慣用句」「前方一致」「後方一致」と分類し分析した結果、『廣辭苑』における「男」と「女」のつく見出し語に見られるジェンダは單純語の見出し語「男」「女」のそれと同一であるということがわかる。意味範圍は、「男」は＜成人男子、男性の特質を備えた男子、夫、情夫、出家せぬ男、下男、息子＞等、「女」は＜成人女子、女性の特質を備えた女子、妻、情婦、妾、賣春婦、下女＞等がまとめられる。表現基準は、「男」は社會的な判斷、「女」は性的な特徵による傾向が見える。解說の記述方向 は、「男」は强ㆍプラス的な値、「女」は弱マイナス的な値という通常的なイメジの對關係が見られる。 このような意味で、辭書におけるジェンダ意識は見出し語「男」「女」が手がかりとなり、解說の方向の流れから時のジェンダに對する社會的な變化も槪觀できると言える。

經濟學의 분석대상에서 그간 體系的으로 제외되었던 家計라는 경제주체를 젠 더(gender)의 시각에서 재해석하며 각 경제학의 전통 속에서 어떻게 조명되어 있는지를 선행연구들을 통해 분석한다. 구체적으로는 家計內部의 자원배분과 분 배에 대한 의사결정에 대한 선행연구들을 소개함으로써 여성의 主 經濟活動場 所인 家計가 경제학연구에서 가지는 함의를 밝힌다. 먼저 Becker의 선구적 작 업을 살펴보면서 그의 긍정적 기여와 한계를 지적한다. 또한 여성에 대한 착취 를 마르크스주의 전통 속에서 분석하고 이론적 확장을 시도한 마르크스주의 페 미니즘의 연구들을 소개하고 이들이 사회적으로 형성된 젠더 차이로 나타난 경 제적 결과의 차이를 파악하는 기본시각을 제공했다는 점은 인정하나 마르크스 주의의 한계인 決定論과 二元論을 극복하지 못했다는 점을 지적한다. 제도학파 의 전통은 마르크스주의의 결정론을 배격하고 生物學的 進化論의 관점에서 사 회현상을 이해함으로써 보다 유연한 분석체계를 확보하였고 젠더의 관점의 가 계분석가능성을 함의한다. 社會科學의 새로운 분석기법인 게임이론 또한 家計 內部의 의사결정과정을 보다 구체적으로 분석할 수 있는 가능성을 제공한다. 게 임이론의 분석기법을 이용한 동시에 젠더개념(gender- concept)을 함의한 가 계분석의 시도로 제도주의 게임이론의 가계분석연구들을 소개한다. 이상 본 논문에서는 사회적으로 형성된 젠더의 차이가 어떻게 여성과 남성에게 다른 경제 적 결과를 초래하고, 각 개인의 경제적 복지에 작용하게 되는가에 대한 연구사 례를 아직 이 분야의 불모지라고 할 수 있는 국내학계에 소개하는 것을 목적으 로 쓰여 있다.

The current study explores the Korean sibilants produced by 42 Jeju Korean speakers from three different age groups and genders by analyzing the spectral peak frequency(SPF). The results indicated that as the speakers’ age decreased, they pronounced the sounds at a more anterior area in the oral cavity; furthermore, female speakers were also found to produce sibilants more anteriorly than male speakers. However, when considering the phonation type and the vowel contexts, results showed different characteristics according to gender. Female speakers tended to produce a more fronted variant before the vowel /i/, while male speakers tended to produce it before the /a/. In particular, female speakers had a higher SPF for the lax affricate before the vowel /i/, but males showed a higher SPF for the tense fricative before the vowel /a/. Thus, the fronted features of sibilants were not consistently observed in Jeju Korean across the vowel contexts as a function of gender and age. The current study results demonstrate that the gender- and the age-related fronted variants are accounted for by not only a physiological difference, but a social-indexical marker to represent gender identity.

The study explores the acoustic properties of stops produced by Korean speakers of Jeju and examines how they differ by comparing VOT, F0, and H1-H2 in terms of speaker gender and age. The findings indicated that as for the VOT, the lax stops increase while the aspirated stops decrease as speakers get younger. In particular, a significant change in the aspirated stops was observed for the middle-aged female speakers. For the F0, the middle-aged adult groups showed a significant difference between the lax and the aspirated stops than in any other groups, especially for the female speakers. This implies that middle-aged female speakers complement VOT with F0 when discriminating the lax from the aspirated stops. The unique acoustic characteristics that appear for the middle-aged female speakers can be explained as a temporary phenomenon, not a diachronic change. In addition to VOT and F0, it is worth noting that H1-H2 could be employed as an acoustic cue for the classification of stops. The current study suggests that the acoustic properties observed in Jeju Korean should be interpreted through sociophonetic perspectives, and in particular, the acoustic changes in the aspirated stops are worthy of notice.

In this article we examine gender differences in the spoken usage using a selection of files from the British National Corpus (BNC). Our aim is twofold. First, to report on some similarities and differences in the words and phrases used by men and women in conversation. Secondly, we address some methodological issues related to the study of gender and to corpus linguistics research in general. In particular, we aim to address what we call the “bag of words, bag of people’ problem. In many studies a corpus is treated as a bag of words in common techniques such as a keyword analysis. Such frequency-based analyses have led to many discoveries about the nature of language, but the backgrounding of discourse and text structure is problematic in obscuring some patterns of language usage. In addition, corpora are necessarily compiled using the language output of many individuals---a bag of people---and the individual contributions, and hence variation in usage, are often overlooked. These issues are explored with reference to some linguistic elements known to potentially sensitive to gender variation.

이 논문은 번역자의 성(性)이 번역물의 가독성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 가독성은 Flesch의 가독성 공식을 이용하여 측정하였다. 보다 구체적으로, 본 논문은 기업 홈페이지에 게시된 남녀별 최고경영자(CEO) 인사말의 영어 번역문의 가독성을 비교하였다. 본 연구는 CEO가, 스스로가 자신의 CEO 인사말의 번역자가 아닐지라도, 인사말 번역문에 서명을 추가하거나, 또는 타인의 번역에 대해 수정을 가함으로써 일정 부분 번역과정에 개입하는 것으로 전제하였다. 성과 언어에 대한 선행연구는 대부분 성과 언어 학습, 그리고 성과 언어사용에 초점을 맞추어왔다. 선행연구는 남자와 여자가 서로 다른 언어 사용 행태를 보인다고 보고하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 남성 CEO의 인사말 번역문의 가독성과 여성 CEO 인사말 번역문의 가독성은 서로 다르다고 가설을 설정하였다. 연구 결과, 남성 CEO 기업 50개와 여성 CEO 기업 50개의 CEO 인사말 번역문의 가독성이 다르다는 가설은 지지되는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 여성 CEO의 인사말 번역문의 가독성이 남성의 그것보다 유의하게 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구가 시사하는 바는, 가독성 측면에서 볼 때, 여성 CEO가 남성 CEO 보다 기업 외부 정보이용자와의 커뮤니케이션에서 보다 효과적인 전략을 채택하고 있음을 보여준다.

P‟ansori, narrative song of lower class origin, became popular amongst all levels of society through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. As the genre grew in popularity with the upper class, performers altered stories and performance style to suit the audience. The folk style was more emotionally expressive, linguistically direct, was performed outdoors, and had a raspier sound; the aristocratic style was more emotionally reserved, used refined language, was performed indoors, and had a clearer tone. Current performances are typically held in theatrical settings and students train in institutions. Still, through fieldwork, variations in performance practice became apparent to me. Some singers gesture to mime words while other singers gesture to emphasize ornamentation; some singers use a large amount of stage space and interact directly with the audience while other singers remain center stage and interact with the accompanying drummer. The choice performance style seems to often reflect a gender divide with men performing folk style and women the aristocratic style. As women age they seem to be allowed more freedom of movement and expression and shift towards the folk style. Through ethnographic and movement analysis, I demonstrate how movement and gesture are culturally encoded with varying class and gender identities.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of age and gender on VOT, F0, and H1-H2 in Korean voiceless stops produced by Daegu speakers. The results revealed that VOT, F0, and H1-H2 are primary acoustic cues for the distinction between male and female speakers. For the effect of age, F0 plays a role in differentiating three age groups while VOT distinguishes between the child and the two adult groups. However, the H1-H2 is not affected by age. With regard to phonation type, Daegu speakers use VOT for a three-way laryngeal contrast, but both F0 and H1-H2 make a two-way distinction, which indicates that VOT is a primary cue for the phonation type. Furthermore, the young female speakers show a unique characteristic revealing that the VOT difference between the lenis and the aspirated stop categories was smaller than other groups, which implies that they are sensitive to a sound change and prefer to use standard language. Regarding the place of articulation, only VOT distinguishes the place of articulation on the stops.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the acoustic properties of the Korean monophthongs in Jeju Korean according to speaking style and speaker gender. For the acoustic parameters, duration and the first three formant frequencies(F1, F2, F3) were measured, using the ‘PRAAT’. The study results showed that F1 and F3 were influenced by both gender and speaking style, but F2 was only influenced by gender. With regard to speaking style, it was found that word reading produced a longer duration, lower tongue position, and higher F3 than did passage reading and news article reading. Tongue advancement for F2, however, did not differ across speaking style. Concerning speaker gender, male speakers produced a longer duration, higher and more backed tongue position, and higher F3 than female speakers. As for the vowel quality, the high vowels /ㅣ, ㅡ, ㅜ/ had a longer vowel duration than non-high vowels /ㅔ, ㅓ, ㅏ, ㅗ/. In regard to vowel space, differences in speaking style and speaker gender were found as well.

본 연구는 비만한 남녀 노인을 대상으로 성별에 따른 체중조절 행위와 관련된 사회·인구학적 특성 및 건강상태 특성 관련 요인을 분석하기 위한 연구이다. 본 연구는 제8기 국민건강영양조사 1-3차년도 (2019-2021년) 원시 자료를 활용한 이차분석 연구로서 비만 남녀 노인 1,559명(남자 626명, 여자 933명)을 대상으로 복합표본분석을 시행하였다. SPSS/WIN 29.0 프로그램을 이용하여 카이제곱 검정과 다중 로지 스틱 회귀분석을 적용하였다. 연구 결과 남자 비만 노인의 체중조절 행위의 관련 요인은 연령(65-74세), 교육 수준(중졸 이상), 식이조절여부(시도자)이었고, 여자 비만 노인의 체중조절 행위 관련요인으로는 연령(65-74세), 교육수준(중졸 이상), 소득수준(상중위), 현재 흡연(비흡연), 근력운동(실천자), 식이조절 여부(시도자)로 나타났다. 이 결과는 비만 노인의 체중조절 행위를 개선하기 위한 간호전략이 성별에 따라 차별화되어야 함을 시사한다.

This study aimed to identify factors associated with weight-control behavior according to the gender of obese older adults based on their socio-demographic and health characteristics. The sample consisted of a total of 1,559 obese older adults and was extracted from the Eighth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019~2021). As the factors associated with weight-control behavior among obese older men, 65-74 years old, higher education level and attempting dietary control increased the likelihood of weight-control behavior. As the factors associated with weight-control behavior among obese older women, 65-74 years old, higher education level, higher income level, currently not smoking, trying to perform strength exercise and attempting dietary control increased the likelihood of weight-control behavior. The finding indicate that nursing strategies should be gender-specific to improve weight-control behavior in obese older adults.

This study investigated the mean differences and differential item functioning (DIF) of the strategy inventory for language learning (SILL) by gender for university students in an English as a foreign language (EFL) context, using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ordinal logistic regression (OLR), respectively. Only memory strategies out of the six strategy categories in the SILL showed a significant gender difference, with males using more strategies than females. After matching on score levels for DIF detection using each of the scale scores of six strategy categories as a total score, a total of 13 items showed DIF across gender with 12 items in favor of males and one item in favor of females. These 13 DIF items belonged to memory strategies (5 items), cognitive strategies (4 items), metacognitive strategies (2 items), compensation strategies (1 item), and affective strategies (1 item). This study concludes with the implications of the findings followed by future study areas.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of artificial intelligence (AI) improves English listening and reading proficiency. It focuses on whether its impacts differ by gender and major. The study was conducted in 2020 with 340 freshmen students in Korea. There were 182 male and 208 female students. The participants majored in different areas: 139 students majoring in aeronautics, 130 students studying policing and safety, 121 students studying in the arts department. The TOEIC test was adopted as pre- and post-tests to explore the impacts of using AI on English learning. To analyze the data, two-way ANOVAs were administered. The study found no interaction effects of gender or major on either listening and reading proficiency. However, gender and major, respectively, had significant impacts on listening. Regarding reading proficiency, major alone affected the students’ performance. Based on these findings, pedagogical implications are considered.

Throughout her plays, Christina Reid explores the lives of women in Belfast and successfully offers a bold interrogation of other facets of Belfast history from a Protestant women’s perspective. Reid’s examination of the politics, entrenched in the private and public lives of Northern Irish women, is the central focus of The Belle of the Belfast City. In the play, the current political unrest in Northern Ireland is set in relation to sexual and racial minorities, which in turn, are enforced by the misogyny embedded in sectarian violence and religious dogmatism. Far from simplifying these questions, Reid takes extra care to show how the familial, social and political facets are all connected to the perpetuation of the prejudice surrounding idea of the Other and the nation. In addition to this, this play also combines the experience of exile in relationship to gender and sectarian violence through the stories of Belle, Dolly’s half-black granddaughter. As a narrator and inheritor of the matrilineal heritage, Belle by her existence raises questions about the national and racial categorizations of politics. In this play, while male authority uses the female body to marginalize and exploit it, Reid successfully turns the victimized female body into a site of resistance and subversion of that authority. In addition to the family photographs, the songs and dances that are performed through the medium of the female body are unmistakably subversive. While the female voice and body within Jack’s idea of nation are objects of repression and silence, however, the women’s bodies and voices are freed and released in the ritual of female bonding that celebrates the subversive potential of the feminine body. With these theatrical devices, Reid carefully depicts and subverts the portraits of women whose roles and images have been imagined in the discourse of conflict-ridden Belfast.

Literature can establish a particular frame of emotions which allows deeper understanding into it and simulating our social relations. Also, emotional intelligence (EI/EQ) which seeks to fuse cognition and emotion interlocks with social and interpersonal mechanisms involved in language learning. Given the lack of empirical study, the present study is intended to explore the relationship between EI and interpretation of literature among 345 Iranian EFL graduate and undergraduate participants from six Iranian universities. As an additional goal, participants’ major of study and gender are investigated to see how they relate to emotional intelligence skills. EI has been defined in terms of two instruments, based on two models of emotional intelligence, while literature has been limited to short stories and poems. To collect data, MSCEIT and EQ-Map measures of emotional intelligence as well as fourteen short stories and poems were selected and administered by the researcher among the participants, majoring in English literature, translation and teaching of English. Pearson Product correlation procedures and multivariate analysis were conducted. The results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between EI (MSCEIT and EQ-Map) scores and scores from the interpretation of stories and poems. Furthermore, the female participants were found to have higher EI than the male ones. However, the participants from the three English majors did not differ significantly in terms of EI scores. By implication, syllabus designers should orient a curriculum towards using language through literary genres such as short stores. Also, the tasks and problem-solving activities in the syllabuses should not be necessarily be the same for both male and female EFL learners.

This paper explores the semiotic significance of attire in Hulu's series The Handmaid’s Tale, examining how clothing functions as a tool of power and control within the series. It further investigates the role of uniforms in contemporary society and draws parallels between modern fashion practices and subtle forms of repression and power exerted over women. By analyzing the interplay between fashion, power, and gender, this study aims to highlight the enduring impact of clothing as a medium of socio-political expression and control.

Over recent years, the study of self-regulation has replaced the study of learner strategies as it constitutes a process-oriented approach. The present study was an attempt to identify the Iranian EFL learners’ use of selfregulated vocabulary strategies (SRVS) in texts with L1 and L2 marginal glosses and those accompanied by technology-enhanced materials on the computer. The study also compared strategy use across gender, age, and field of study. There were three experimental groups in the study each of which received different type of vocabulary instruction. Experimental group 1 was taught new vocabulary items in the form of printed textual definition coupled with still pictures. Experimental group 2 was taught via marginal glosses in L1 and experimental group 3 was taught via marginal glosses in L2. All the participants were asked to fill out the self-regulating capacity in vocabulary learning scale (SRCvoc). The results of a one way ANOVA showed significant differences, and the Tukey post-hoc test showed that there was a significant difference only between the texts with still pictures and those with L1 and L2 marginal glosses. Regression analyses indicated that vocabulary strategy use was influenced by individual variables.

일본은 “잃어버린 20년”이라고도 불리는 장기불황에 고통받고 있다. 그 이유로 (소자화)나 임금 저 하 등 다양한 의견이 나오고 있지만, 고도성장기 남녀분업 모델로부터의 전환 실패 또한 간과할 수 없는 부분이다. 1980년대 거품경제 시기에 이루어졌던 일시적인 경제호황기는 일본이 저성장사회에 진입해 있는 것을 눈치채지 못하게 숨겼다. 그것이 “남여분업모델”의 연속이 영원히 가능하다는 착 각을 불러일으키고, 성숙사회로의 연착륙을 막았다. “너무 성공하고 만 남녀분업의 주박”을 풀고, 남 녀의 현실로부터 출발하지 않는다면 일본의 정체기는 극복할 수 없다.

Japan continues to suffer from a prolonged deflation, called “The Lost Twenty Years.” Various reasons eixst, including the decline of birth rate and the drop of wage rate, but the failure to switch from the “division-of-labor-by-gender-role” model during the period of the highgrowth economy in the 1960s-1970s cannot be overlooked. Bubble economy in the 1980s had blocked a soft-landing from a high-growth-society to a maturity society. At that time, Japan had already become a low-growth society, but it was not realized due to its temporary prosperity. Such prosperity created an illusion among the Japanese people that the “divisionof- labor-by-gender-role” model would be able to survive forever. It is impossible to overcome the stagnation in Japan without the liberation from the “spellbinding of the division-of-laborby- gender-role model that succeeded too much,” and the new beginning from the reality of the man and woman in Japan.

이 논문은 대졸 지방청년들 사이에서 진로 선택의 이유 및 출신지역과 관계 맺는 방식이 성별에 따 라 다르다는 점을 설명하고자 한다. 여성이 남성보다 본인이 나고 자란 지역에서 대학에 진학하고 취 업하는 추세가 나타나지만, 기존 연구에서는 이러한 지리적 이동의 패턴이 발생하는 이유를 충분히 설명하지 못했다. 이 연구에서는 규슈 지역에서 고등학교와 대학을 졸업한, 20대 청년 남녀 20명과 2021~2022년에 온라인 인터뷰한 결과를 토대로, 진학, 취직, 유턴의 시점에서 나타나는 남녀 간의 차 이를 분석했다. 지방권의 청년여성은 대학에 진학하거나 첫 직장을 구할 때, 개인의 관심사나 능력만큼이나 가 족관계를 중시하고 부모의 의견에 따라 출신지역에 남으려는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한, 결혼이나 출산 이라는 사적인 일을 계기로 출신지역에 돌아오길 희망했다. 반면, 지방권의 청년남성은 대학이나 회 사의 소재지에 관계없이 개인적인 관심과 능력에 따라 진로를 선택하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 대도 시에서 경력을 쌓아 자기 사업을 할 수 있을 때 지방에 돌아오거나, 축제와 같은 지역사회의 공적인 장에 이에(家)의 대리인으로 참여하는 등 넓은 의미에서 공적인 영역 — 일터와 지역공동체 — 에 관여 함으로써 출신지역과의 관계를 유지하고자 했다. 이로써, 이 연구는 지방청년 남녀에 대한 상이한 기대나 가치관을 재생산하여 대졸 청년여성을 지방에 긴박(緊縛)하는 문화적인 힘이 작동하며, 그 결과 성별화된(gendered) 로컬 트랙이 형성될 가 능성이 있다는 점을 시사한다.

This research aims to shed light on gender differences among non-metropolitan youths in their transition to higher education and work, as well as their engagement to their hometowns. Despite their shared attachment to their hometowns, young women are more likely to attend local universities and find work in their home areas than men. However, existing studies have failed to address these gender disparities in geographical mobility. To fill this gap, this study conducted online interviews with twenty youths from the Kyushu region who graduated from high schools and universities there. The research examines the ways in which these youths explain and interpret gender differences in their experiences of university admission, employment, and return migration. When advancing to university and finding work, non-metropolitan women prioritized familial ties and often gave weight to their parents’ opinions, in addition to considering their own academic abilities and interests. As a result, they often ended up attending local universities and finding work in their home areas. They also wished to return to their hometowns upon getting married and starting their own families. On the other hand, their male counterparts prioritized their own interests and abilities when making these decisions, without placing as much emphasis on the location of universities and workplaces. They expressed a desire to return to and maintain relationships with their hometowns, whether through starting their own businesses there or participating in local festivals as representatives of their families. Overall, this research suggests that there is a cultural dynamic at play that may reproduce normative and binding gender roles, discouraging young non-metropolitan women from leaving their hometowns. As a result, this study illuminates that a kind of gendered local track may form that keeps young women with college diploma in non-metropolitan Japan.

본 연구는 노예제가 폐지된 이후 남부에서 린치가 급속히 확산되는 과정을 공포라는 감정에 주목해 고찰했다. 남부 사회에서 인종 차별이 공고해지는 과정을 남북전쟁기, 재건시대, 신남부 시대로 나누어 고찰하면서 공포가 어떻게 만들어지고 변모하는지, 나아가 ‘제조된 공포’가 어떤 식으로 사회적 담론을 창안하는지, 이런 공포 담론이 역으로 남부 사회에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 주목할 점은 흑인남성을 상대로 한 린치가 노예제도 아래서 미약했던 데 반해 남북전쟁 이후 폭주했다는 사실이다. 흑인과 백인이 한 공간에서 생활했던 노예제 시기에는 흑인 남성에 대한 성적 공포나 이들을 성욕 과잉의 짐승 취급하는 담론이 거의 눈에 띄지 않았다. 그런데 신남부 시대에 접어들며 백인 여성을 성폭행하는 흑인 남성 강간범 스테레오타입이 사실상 대중적으로 광범위하게 확산된다. 그리고 성폭행에 대한 대중의 공포가 인종 차별은 물론 린치를 정당화하는 데 주요한 역할을 했다. 그렇지만 이러한 대중의 공포나 불안과 달리 이 시기 린치의 원인이 실제로 흑인 남성의 성폭행인 경우는 전체 사건의 1/3에 불과하다. 본 연구는 인종주의가 창안한 조작된 공포 담론이 결국 남부사회의 열린 사고를 차단하고 교감과 교류의 부재를 낳았음에 주목했다. 소통의 단절은 궁극적으로 남부의 철저한 고립과 부패를 양산하는 데 기여했다. 이런 맥락에서 감정은 ‘시대의 의미체계’, 특히 ‘올바른 행위가 무엇이냐’는 역사적 성찰과도 긴밀히 결합되어 있다. 향후 보다 진전된 감정사 연구를 통해 린치의 역사에 대한 의미 있는 통찰이 지속되길 기대한다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the spread of fear and Lynching in the south. It discusses how fear was created and transformed, how ‘invented fear’ manipulated social discourse, and fear discourse, in turns, affected society by the period of the Civil War, Reconstruction, and the New South. Lynching of black men increased after the Civil War, compared to relatively a minor under slavery. And actually, the stereotype of a black rapist was spread and popularized in the late 19th century. On the contrary, during the slavery period when blacks and whites lived in the same space, the sexual fears of black men and the discourse of treating them as sexually overexploited beasts in the white south were invisible. White southerners did not consider black men as objects of fear as they administered femininity to both female slaves and male in the Antebellum United States. After the Civil War, however, the horror of the black riots expanded widely throughout the southern, and Lynching, which was against the black people, rose in number. Even this time, the fear of black rapist was not universal. Although only one-third of black lynching victims were accused of rape or attempted rape, stereotypes of black rapist worked as a means to justify lynching in the south. This paper attempted to understand the lynch in the south from a new point of view by examining the correlation between the spread of Lynch and the discourse of black rapist in the turn of the century. This study suggests that the invented fear discourse created by racism ultimately prevented the open thinking of the southern society, and the absence of sympathy and communication led to isolation and corruption in the South.