Earticle

There are many ICTs and they have promoted the emergence of various uses. This leads to pluri-semiotic communication uses where writing is very important. The language writing, from French language in this case, has always covered major issues that are abused by such practices of Frenzy electronic writing. This article attempts to summarize the uses, the electronic scriptural practices and their impact on the French society.

Les TICs sont nombreuses et favorisent l’émergence d’usages variés et quotidiens en France et dans le monde. De ces usages découlent des pratiques communicationnelles plurisémiotiques dans lesquelles l’écriture occupe une place importante. L’écriture de la langue française a toujours recouvert des enjeux glottopolitiques majeurs, et ce, depuis la création de l’Académie Française. Ces enjeux et les prescriptions qui en ont découlées se trouvent aujourd’hui malmenés parce que tout le monde écrit tout le temps grâce aux TICs. Ces pratiques répétées, presque frénétiques, conduisent à de courantes négations des règles qui fondent l’écriture de la langue, de la norme. Cet article tente de faire la synthèse des usages en France, des pratiques scripturales électroniques et de l’incidence qu’ont ces dernières sur les communautés, sur la société...

전통음악에서 중요한 역할과 지위를 가졌던 거문고는 20세기에도 여전히 전통음악의 계승과 창작음악의 발전 속에서 그 존재감을 발휘해 왔다. 21세기 들어 거문고의 실험은 다양한 방식으로 진행되어 왔는데 창작곡에서 많은 연주기법이 개발되었고, 전통음악 내에서도 그 쓰임새를 확장 해 왔다. 또한 최상의 음질 구현, 음량의 확대, 음역을 확장하기 위하여 악기구조와 재료의 개량을 다각도로 시도하여 왔다. 이러한 시도들 가운데 거문고와 컴퓨터를 비롯한 전자기기, 전자음향과 의 접목이 눈에 띄는데 결합의 형태와 방법은 각각 독립적이지만 활동배경과 음악적 효과에 있어 서 하나의 흐름으로 연결되고 있는 점이 주목된다. 거문고는 독주악기로서 세계적인 경쟁력을 가지고 있다. 저음과 고음의 조화로 반주와 독주가 가능하며, 타악적인 특성이 강하고 다양한 음색으로 인한 주법 개발의 가능성이 높고, 무대에서 연주 시 화려한 퍼포먼스가 가능한 악기이다. 이것은 다른 악기와의 협업에도 매우 효과적이며, 거문고 음악의 활동 영역을 확장시키는데 매우 중요하다. 이러한 장점에도 불구하고, 마이크 사용 시 발생하는 역효과로 인해 상대적으로 불리한 조건에 놓여있던 거문고는 21세기 들어 오히려 더욱 적극적으로 악기에 맞는 amplifier 시스템을 개발하고 이를 이용한 음악을 만들어서 거문고 의 경쟁력을 높이는 또 다른 대안으로 발전시켜 나가고 있다. 본고에서 거문고와 일렉트로닉의 만남을 시도하고 있는 연주자와 단체의 활동에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과 새로운 창작곡과 주법들을 만들어내어 거문고의 원형성과 전자 시스템(마이 크, 컴퓨터 시스템 및 다양한 이펙터 등)의 조화로운 작업을 통하여 좋은 음악적 컨텐츠들을 만들 어 내고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 거문고가 가진 장점을 부각시키고, 독주악기로서, 앙상블 악기로서, 협업에 강한 악기로서 국내는 물론 해외시장에서 거문고의 경쟁력을 키워나가는데 긍 정적인 결과를 만들어 내고 있다. 21세기 들어 본격적으로 국제교류의 플랫폼들이 열리고 세계무 대의 최전방에서 소규모 국악앙상블과 독주자들이 활약하면서 개성이 강한 거문고가 그 경쟁력을 인정받기 시작한 시점에서 이러한 일렉트로닉과의 결합은 의미 있는 작업일 것이다.

Geomungo (6-string zither) is the representative Korean string instrument along with Gayageum (12-string zither). It had played an important role and had a special status in the traditional music realm, and it contributed to transmitting traditional music and developing new music in the 20th century. It has been experimenting in various ways throughout the 21st century, developing diverse playing techniques in new music and extending its usage in traditional music. In addition, the instrument itself has been modified in various respects; its structure has been complemented to maximize sound quality and its volume has been expanded. Among many experimental attempts, it is remarkable that Geomungo has been working with electronic devices including computer and electronic sound. It is also notable that the activity background and musical effect of collaborative works is connected by one flow even if its forms and methods are independent. Geomungo has world-class competitiveness as a solo instrument; the harmony of high and low range makes it possible to play as both an accompaniment and solo; its strong percussive character and various timbres allow it to easily develop playing techniques; in addition, it can present colorful performance on stage. These aspects are very effective in collaborating with other musical instruments and also very important in expanding the activity area of Geomungo music. Geomungo, which, despite these advantages, was in a relatively unfavorable condition due to the adverse effects caused by the use of microphones, has developed as the alternative of improving its competitiveness since the amplification system more suitable for Geomungo was developed at the beginning of the 21st century. This paper illustrates that the performers and groups involved in creating new music and playing techniques through working on Geomungo with the electronics have been producing good musical contents actively utilizing the electronic system such as microphones, computers, and various effecters while preserving the "originality" of Geomungo. This collaborative work creates a positive result for enhancing the competitiveness of Geomungo as a solo, for an ensemble, or for collaboration in domestic as well as international market, by emphasizing and diversifying the advantages of Geomungo. It seems to be very meaningful that Geomungo encounters with the electronic devices in the early 21st century when small traditional Korean music ensembles and soloists are active at the forefront of the world stage since the platform of international exchange has been opened, and thus Geomungo with strong personality has begun to be recognized for its competitiveness. However, it is likely that the application of the electronics remains empty as long as Geomungo players are not backed by legitimate playing techniques, deep playing skills, creativity, and the diversity of musical contents. After all, music can be bright enough to move audiences when the unique identity of its instrument, the high level of the performance, and the authenticity of the performers are alive.

Purpose: The electronic frailty index (eFI), which is derived from electronic health records, has been recommended as screening tool for frailty due to its accessibility and ease of use. The objective of this systematic review was to identify the prevalence of frailty assessed by the eFI and its influence on health outcomes in older adults with chronic diseases. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Google search, and nursing journals in Korean from January 2016 to December 2022. Results: Twelve studies were analyzed. The eFI score, based on routine clinical data, was associated with adverse health outcomes. The most frequent outcome studied was mortality, and the eFI was associated with increased mortality in nine studies. Other outcomes studied included hospitalization, length of stay, readmission, and institutionalization in relation to hospital care usage, and cardiovascular events, stroke, GI bleeding, falls, and instrumental activities of daily life as health conditions. Conclusion: Early identification of frailty in older adults with chronic diseases can decrease the burden of disease and adverse health outcomes. The eFI has a good discriminative capacity to identify frail older adults with chronic diseases.

Purpose: To develop a fall risk assessment tool to predict fall risk in pediatric inpatients. Methods: Three tools widely used in clinical practice (Humpty Dumpty Fall Scale, General Risk Assessment for Pediatric Inpatient Falls, and Seoul National University Hospital Pediatric Fall Risk Scale) were examined, and assessment items were extracted. Employing a case-control design, 29 children who experienced falls during hospital stays were selected as the "fall" group, and a control group (93 children) was selected based on age and sex matching. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the newly developed tool ("Newfs-PI") were analyzed. Results: The Newfs-PI consisted of seven items: age, activity, history of falls, length of hospital stay, and medication. The total score ranged from 0 to 15. Its sensitivity and specificity were 62.07% and 74.19%, respectively. Conclusion: The Newfs-PI has high specificity and sensitivity, which are essential for a fall risk assessment tool that complements existing tools. These values are high relative to those of existing assessment tools and satisfy both sensitivity and specificity criteria. As the EMR enables monitoring of the components of the Newfs-PI, the tool can be used as a fall risk assessment and prevention scale for pediatric inpatients.

인터넷 마케팅에서 바이러스 마케팅이나 인터넷 구전효과는 새로운 관심사로 떠오르고 있다. 인터넷상에서 정보가 전파되고 교환되는 커뮤니케이션 수단으로는 리뷰 포스팅, 전자우편, 블로그, 토론 포럼, 대화방, 인스턴트 메시징 등 다양한데 본 연구에서는 소비자로 하여금 이러한 수단을 통해 온라인 구전행동에 개입하도록 잠재적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 주요 구성개념들을 문헌연구를 통해 고찰하고자 하였다. 이런 목적 하에 전자 구전행동에 영향을 미칠 세 가지 요인—소비자 개인, 상황, 메시지—으로 구성된 개념적 모형을 제안하였고 아울러 연구명제 및 개념적 모형의 함의가 제시되었다.

Viral marketing and electronic word-of-mouth are the newest "buzzword"of Internet marketing. There are a number of ways through which individuals transmit and receive information online: posted reviews, mailbags, discussion forums, electronic mailing lists, chat rooms, and instant messaging. The objective of this study is to explore a number of key constructs frequently mentioned in the literature that are potentially associated with viral consumers’ willingness to engage in electronic world-of-mouth behavior. To this end, a conceptual model with three factors—individual, situational and message—that influence individuals’ pass-along behavior is proposed. Research propositions are derived and implications of the model are presented.

본 연구에는 중국 ETC 소비자를 대상으로 소비자 ETC 서비스 특성요인(편리성, 경 제성, 안정성, 반응성), ETC 이용자 특성요인(개인 혁신성, 자기효능감), 프라이버시 위 험, 지각된 가치 그리고 만족도 간의 구조적 관계를 확인하였다. 또한, ETC 서비스특성 요인과 지각된 가치 간, ETC 이용자 특성요인과 지각된 가치 간, 지각된 가치와 만족도 간의 관계에서 프라이버시 위험의 조절효과에 대해 검증하였다. 본 연구에서는 통계 분석 도구 및 프로그램인 SPSS 25 및 AMOS 24를 사용하여 요인 분석, 신뢰도 분석 및 경로 분석 등을 수행했다. 분석결과는 토대로 본 연구에 대한 시사점을 도출하면 다음과 같다. 먼저, ETC 서비스 특성(편리성, 경제성, 안정성, 반응성)의 경우, 4개 요인 모두 지각된 가치에 대해 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그 중 경제성이 지각 된 가치에 대해 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 ETC 이용자 특성요 인(개인 혁신성, 자기 효능감)의 경우, 2개 요인 모두 지각된 가치에 대해 정(+)의 영향 을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 지각된 가치는 만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으 로 나타났다. 즉, 지각된 가치가 높을수록 ETC 이용자의 만족도는 예상되는 바와 같이 높게 나타났다. 끝으로, ETC 이용자의 프라이버시 위험은 반응성과 지각된 가치 간, 자기효능감과 지각된 가치 간에서 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

In this study, consumer ETC service characteristic factors targeting Chinese ETC consumers (Convenience, Economy, Stability, Responsiveness), ETC user characteristic factors(Individual innovation, Self-efficacy), Structural relationships between privacy risk, perceived value, and satisfaction were identified. In addition, between ETC service characteristic factors and perceived value, Between ETC User Characteristics and Perceived Value, The moderating effect of privacy risk on the relationship between perceived value and satisfaction was verified. In this study, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and path analysis were performed using statistical analysis tools SPSS 25 and AMOS 24. Based on the analysis results, the implications for this study are as follows. First, in the case of ETC service characteristics(Convenience, Economy, Stability, Responsiveness), All four factors were found to have a positive (+) effect on the perceived value. Among them, economic feasibility was found to have the greatest influence on perceived value. Next, in the case of ETC user characteristic factors(Individual innovation, Self-efficacy), Both factors were found to have a positive (+) effect on the perceived value. And perceived value was found to have a positive (+) effect on satisfaction. In other words, the higher the perceived value, the higher the ETC user satisfaction was as expected. Finally, the privacy risk of ETC users was found to have a moderating effect between responsiveness and perceived value, and between self-efficacy and perceived value.

지식정보사회 기반의 기술혁신은 현재 4차 산업혁명((4IR, Fourth Industrial Revolution)로 접어들면서 기존의 3차 산 업혁명의 디지털 기술혁신을 기반으로 데이터의 적극적인 활용을 통한 융·복합적 인프라가 구축되면서 다양한 분야에서 새로운 비즈니스 모델을 창출하기 위한 혁신적 노력이 요구되고 있다. 이에 따른 보안영역도 3차 산업혁명과는 구별되어지는 핵심기술인 방대한 양의 비정형 데이터를 수집·분석·가공하여 얻어진 정형화된 데이터를 바탕으로 좀 더 정확하게 예측하여 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는 가상물리보안시스템(CPSS, C yber-Physical Security System)을 제안하여 Electronic Security 프레임워크를 제시하고자 한다.

Currently, in the 4th industrial revolution era(4IR), the convergent infrastructure has been established by actively utilizing data based on the existing digital technological innovation in the 3rd industrial revolution. Thus, the technol ogical innovation based on the knowledge-information society needs to put innovative efforts for creating new busin ess models in various areas. Thus, this study aims to present an Electronic Security Framework by suggesting the Cyber-Physical Security S ystem(CPSS) that could more accurately predict and efficiently utilize it based on structured data obtained by collecti ng, analyzing, and processing an enormous amount of unstructured data which is a core technology distinguished fro m the 3rd industrial revolution.

In the current era, electronic records offer numerous advantages in the operations of agencies and organizations due to their flexible storage, quick access, space-saving, and effective security features. In Vietnam, electronic records are managed through various standard systems such as digital signatures, data encryption, and regular backups, etc. This article analyzes and synthesizes the current Vietnamese legal regulations governing the management and preservation of electronic records. The authors highlight the crucial role of electronic records in the context of digital transformation and the modernization of state management. The article also introduces Vietnam’s archival organization system from the central to the local level, which has the function and responsibility of managing, preserving, and effectively utilizing electronic records. Currently, Vietnam has many legal documents and guidelines for implementing professional archival activities for electronic records. However, these regulations and guidelines are still general and present professional content in various interpretations, which creates difficulties for practitioners. This article synthesizes the content of management and archival practices for electronic records from specialized Vietnamese legal records, thereby systematizing the essential basic professional content of electronic records archiving in agencies.

This study investigated Electronic Billboard Broadcasting(EBB) based on the uses and gratification approach. Using Korean college students as a sample, this study explored the motivational dimensions of EBB uses and investigated relationships with attitudes toward EBB media and EBB advertising. This study found five motivational dimensions of EBB uses: entertainment, information, pastime, participation, and relaxation. Among them, information and pastime are important factors affecting attitudes toward EBB media, and entertainment positively influences attitudes toward EBB advertising. The findings of this study could provide critical insights into EBB as media and its advertising effect on consumers.

As cloud computing becomes more and more popular and ubiquitous, many organizations are deciding to move their whole information infrastructure to the cloud. The healthcare industry is one of those that is beginning to utilize cloud-based solutions en masse. Cloud based computing and storage offers numerous benefits including scalability, cost efficiency, and accessibility, which in turn have the potential to streamline hospital operations. Despite the potential benefits of acquiring this system, considerations must still be given to the migration of the massive amounts of personal and highly protected data to a cloud-based solution. Health care organizations must consider all matters of security, reliability, and availability, to ensure that patients’ data remains compliant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant. This paper will examine the benefits and challenges of such operation to determine the best practices for the utilization of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) cloud based networking and storage for small to mid-sized hospitals.

성범죄의 증가는 범죄 피해의 두려움이 가중하여 신뢰사회가 무너지고, 지역사회의 해체 현상으로 인하여 개인의 문제가 뿐만 아니라 이웃과 지역사회의 문제로 퍼진다. 성범죄 대책 중, 특히 전자감독 대상자들의 재범방지에 힘써야 한다. 이를 위해서는 빅데이터를 이용하여 전자감독 대상자들의 성범죄 다발지역과 시간, 요일을 분석 하는 등 데이터를 수집하고, 이들이 범위를 일탈한 경우, 인접한 사용자들에게 위험정보를 실시간으로 안내하는 시스템을 개발하여 범죄 위험성 줄이거나, 전자감독자 대상자들의 재범 유발 변수를 선정하고, 해당 변수와 재범여부의 관련성을 실질적으로 확인해야 한다. 대상자들의 성폭력범죄 이전의 범죄 경력 중 이전 총 범죄횟수와 이전 성폭력 전자발찌의 부착기간과의 관련성, 전자발찌 부착 성폭력 범죄의 직업 유무, 결혼유무, 자녀 유무, 재범률에 대한 추가 연구도 필요해 보인다. 특히, 아동 성범죄자의 경우, 잠재적 피해자로 추정되는 불특정 다수의 아동을 보호하기 위해 성범죄자들의 출입 및 주거를 제한할 수 있는 지역에 구체적인 범위가 명확하지 않아 실효성이 떨어진다고 할 수 있다. 향후 이에 대한 실증적 연구가 필요하다. 또한, 성범죄 재범 방지를 위한 첨단기술은 필요한 부분이므로 개인의 프라이버시 침해 방지, 첨단기술에 대한 보안강화, 첨단기술 운용에 따른 안전사고 방지 등 관련 법률를 보다 명확히 규정할 필요가 있다. 향후 규범적 연구가 경험적인 연구와 시민에 대한 홍보 및 합의도출 등 종합적으로 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다. 본고에서는 특히, 전자감독제도를 중심으로 성범죄에 대한 대응책을 검토함으로써 성범죄에 대한 실효적인 형사법적 대응방안에 대한 참고가 되고자 한다.

The increase in sex crimes is that the fear of criminal damage is compounded by the collapse of the trust community and the disintegration of the community not only leads to problems for individuals but also for neighbors and communities. During the measures against sex crimes, especially those subject to electronic supervision, efforts should be made to prevent repeat offenses. If the data is collected by using big data to analyze multiple areas, time and days of sexual crimes committed by electronic supervisors, and if they deviate from the scope, a system that informs neighboring users of risk information in real time should be developed to reduce the risk of crime, or select the variables that cause recidivism of electronic supervisors, and the relevance of these variables and repeatability should be verified in substance. Further research on the number of crimes committed before the sexual crimes of the subjects, the relevance of the previous total number of crimes, the attachment period of previous sexual violence electronic anklets, and whether or not a sexual offender with an electronic anklet has a job, marital status, child status and recidivism are needed. In particular, in the case of child sex offenders, the specific scope of their entry and residence is not clear in areas where sex offenders can be restricted to protect children of an unspecified number of people believed to be potential victims. In the future, empirical research on this seems necessary. As high-tech technologies are needed to prevent such crimes from re-offending, it is necessary to stipulate more clearly in the relevant laws, such as preventing personal privacy violations, strengthening security against high-tech technologies, and preventing accidents caused by high-tech operation Therefore, empirical research, public relations and consensus-making of citizens, and normative research needs to be conducted in a converged and comprehensive manner. The school aims to provide a reference to effective criminal and legal countermeasures against sex crimes, especially by reviewing countermeasures against sex crimes based on the electronic supervision system.

Waste electrical and electronics (WEEE) contain metals, glass, and plastics in association with several hazardous materials. WEEE processing usually involves dismantling the discarded equipments followed by sorting and segregation of different components such as glass, large plastics, metal composites and other special parts and reusable units. Segregated scraps are subjected to comminution for effective liberation of constituent metals from the associated nonmetallic materials. Physical beneficiation methods such as gravity, magnetic and electrostatic separation are generally employed to separate light weight fractions, and ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Metallic concentrate can further be subjected to hydrometallurgical treatment for the extraction and recovery of metals. In this review, current status of treatment of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) and recycling technologies in practice are presented. The problems encountered in the existing recycling processes are particularly discussed. A processing approach involving application of inexpensive and eco-friendly unit operations based on the physical beneficiation for complete recycling and resource utilization of all materials with high efficiency for waste PCBs is highlighted and discussed in brief.

With recent trends, the cloud-computing paradigm has gained significant attention, especially in patient health monitoring applications. To date, several cryptographic methods have been introduced to accomplish secure medical data access and storage in cloud service providers. However, these methods have failed to strike a balance among the demands of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) security solutions. Blockchain-based technology is a practical option for managing individual EHRs, as it offers an advanced solution for enhancing the privacy and security of medical data. Therefore, this research proposes a hybrid cryptographic algorithm: Secure Hash Algorithm-256 (SHA-256) combined with Composite Logistic Sine Map (CLSM), namely SHACLSM, with Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE). Overall, the effectiveness of the proposed SHACLSM is analyzed in terms of scalability, computational delay, latency, transaction time, hash verification time, and hash generation time. The outcomes clearly indicate that the proposed SHACLSM-PRE cryptographic algorithm requires minimal transaction time, latency, hash generation time, and hash verification time when evaluated against conventional algorithms, namely Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), SHA-256, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), and AES New Instructions (AES-NI).

This year marked the twentieth anniversary of the Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors (KAMJE). The number of member journals has increased from 105 to 257 since its inception in 1996. In the same period, the number of journals listed in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) has increased from zero to 35. The average journal impact factor (JIF) that was initially 0.13 has now increased by more than tenfold on average to 1.45 as of 2014. Many KAMJE journals that are not indexed in the SCIE are putting their best effort towards eventual inclusion. Following listing with SCIE, however, editors have turned their attention towards the JIF and have shown interest in early online publication as a means of improving the JIF. The current status of PubMed electronic publication ahead of print (EAP) was surveyed among KAMJE journals that are indexed in the SCIE, and the impact of this EAP on the improvement of the JIF was investigated. Based on the survey, more than half of the members have started or are planning on implementing EAP. However, these efforts were found to be still in their infancy, and they have been insufficient to serve as a basis for scientific analysis. Since the sample size is too small and the implementation period too short to statistically analyze the effects of early publication on the JIF, a case-by-case approach was taken. Based on case studies, it is difficult to draw conclusions yet about whether online early publication enhances the JIF.

Purpose: Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) experience a variety of symptoms. This descriptive correlational study aimed to determine the prevalence of symptoms and the physiological and situational factors associated with these symptoms in ICU patients. Methods: We analyzed the Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) of 1,214 cases admitted to and discharged from the ICUs of a university hospital in Seoul over a 1-year period from June to September 2022. This analysis utilized standardized instruments embedded in EMRs and a natural language analysis framework developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistics, the χ2 test, the Fisher exact test, and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify common symptoms and their related factors. Results: In total, 85.7% of the cases had at least one symptom during their ICU stay, and 36.6% experienced 2 symptoms. Pain was the most frequently experienced symptom, affecting 69.5% of cases, followed by agitation (29.7%), dyspnea (29.7%), and delirium (4.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the length of ICU stay influenced pain (odds ratio [OR]=1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02~1.06; p<.001), delirium (OR=1.08; 95% CI, 1.06~1.11; p<.001), agitation (OR=1.07; 95% CI, 1.05~1.10; p<.001), and dyspnea (OR=1.19; 95% CI, 1.13~1.26; p<.001). Conclusion: Pain, agitation, and dyspnea are common in ICU patients and are associated with the length of their ICU stay. Our study identifies factors related to these symptoms that could be targeted to manage and reduce their occurrence, providing a foundation for future research on various symptom assessment tools and natural language transcripts.

The use of information and communication technologies, particularly those related to the consolidation of the Internet as a social and business networking medium, has led governments to move forward in enabling the e-government. The aim of this effort has not only been to transform the future of governmental public service delivery, but also to promote democratic participation. The literature shows that depending on how the e-government is implemented and advertised to society, its applications have economic, social and political impacts. E-government implementation may foster active democratic participation, but depending on how it is implemented it may also prevent citizens and enterprises from using it for social and economic development. Based on the theoretical concepts defining the e-government and supported by an empirical approach, this article discusses the results of a nationwide survey conducted by CGI.br/NIC.br aimed at assessing the use of the e-government by Brazilian citizens and enterprises.