Earticle

본 연구는 동아시아의 주요 사상이라고 할 수 있는 유교의 이상사회론에 대해 철저히 연구함으로써, 일차적으로 유교사상이 지향하는 바람직한 공동체관이 무엇이며, 그러한 공동체에 적합한 올바른 리더(leader)의 모습이 무엇인지 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 그리고 여기에서 한 걸음 더 나아가 자본주의와 민주주주의라는 두 체제에서 기인하는 현대사회의 각종 문제를 유교적 관점에서 해소할 수 있는지, 그것이 가능하다면 그 대안은 무엇인지에 대해 모색할 것이다. 논자는 이와 같은 연구를 수행하기 위해 먼저 『논어』와 『맹자』, 그리고 『서경』을 중심으로 유가 경전을 검토할 것이다. 그 경전에 등장하는 유교 공동체의 기원에 대한 연구를 통해, 유교에서 생각하는 바람직한 공동체의 리더상이 어떤 것인지 규명한 후, 이어서 『예기』 ｢예운｣ 편에 나오는 유교의 이상사회론에 해당하는 대동사상을 철저하게 분석할 것이다. 이러한 작업을 통해 유교에서 말하는 바람직한 공동체관이 무엇인지, 그리고 그러한 공동체를 이끌어 갈 리더상이 무엇인지 정확하게 규명할 수 있을 것이다. 이런 논의를 토대로, 현대사회에서 발생하는 각종 문제들을 해소하기 위해 유교의 이상사회론에서 대안을 탐색할 것이다.

This purpose of this study is to solve the different problems of the present age caused by capitalism and democracy from a Confucian standpoint. This work is accomplished through articulate analyzation of the theory of the ideal society of Confucianism. To carry out this purpose, I first research the origin of community from the standpoint of the Confucian thinker. Through it all, I examine closely the desirable leader of community that Confucianism pursues. Then, I clarify that the leader of a Confucian community, namely the monarch, is authorized by the people as sovereign. Further, I demonstrate that the relationship between monarch and vassal is not homage but partnership, that is, they communize the power that is authorized by the people. I then analyze the theory of a united society is described in other evaluations as the ideal society of Confucian thinking. This theory is in the chapter Liyun in Yueiji. Through this process, I demonstrate the following. First, the theory about ideal society of Confucianism concentrates on the publicity of power and criticizes the privatization of power. Second, the theory concentrates on job security to be able to get whoever can work to do the job. Finally, this theory concentrates on the realization of universal welfare in which we must support the weakest classes. Through this study, I'd like to find some alternative that could recover the weakness and limitation of capitalism and democracy that generates the present age via Confucianism.

Background: From 2018 to 2020, the Expert Study on Public Understanding after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident (the Expert Study Group) identified and analyzed activities designed to promote public understanding of science and radiation since the Fukushima accident, and held discussions on how to achieve public understanding in the situation where public confidence has been lost, and how experts should prepare for dealing with the public. This panel session was held at the 53rd meeting of the Japan Health Physics Society on June 30, 2020. Materials and Methods: First, three subgroup (SG) leaders reported their research methods and results. Then, two designated speakers, who participated as observers of the Expert Study Group, commented on the activities. Next, the five speakers held a panel discussion. Finally, the rapporteur summarized. Results and Discussion: SG leaders presented reports from researchers and practitioners in health physics and environmental risks who provided information after the Fukushima accident. During the discussion, experts in sociology and ethics discussed the issues, focusing on the overall goals of the three groups, local (personal) and mass communication, and ethical values. Many of the activities instituted by the experts after the accident were aimed at public understanding of science (that is, to provide knowledge to residents), but by taking into account interactions with residents and their ethical norms, the experts shifted to supporting the residents’ decision-making through public engagement. The need to consider both content and channels is well known in the field of health communication, and overlaps with the above discussion. Conclusion: How to implement and promote the public engagement in society was discussed in both the floor and designated discussions. Cooperation between local communities and organizations that have already gained trust is also necessary in order to develop relationships with local residents in normal times, to establish an information transmission system, and to make it work effectively.

Background: An effective communication strategy for reducing conflicts in South Korea has been designed through the analysis of public perception and communication variables on nuclear power under the conditions of rapidly changing nuclear power policies. Materials and Methods: This study conducted both qualitative research through group discussions based on social psychology and quantitative research through surveys. Results and Discussion: Nuclear power plant (NPP) area residents in favor of nuclear power indicated higher levels of communication, safety perception, and contribution than those against it. NPP area residents trusted the civilian expert groups (18.3%) and local government (17.3%) the most, while metropolitan city residents trusted the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission and the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (20.7%) the most. In determining nuclear power policy, both the NPP area residents (18.1%) and metropolitan city residents (17.1%) prioritized safety, health, and the environment. While metropolitan city residents thought that energy security and economic growth (16.4%) were important, NPP area residents thought the current issue of spent fuel rods (14.1%) to be important. Conclusion: It is necessary for the nuclear power industry to have and actively implement communication and conflict resolution strategies based on the patterns obtained in the study results.

Background: In order to gain approval of decommissioning of nuclear power plants (NPPs), the operator has to submit a final decommissioning plan (FDP) to the regulatory body. The safety assessment is an essential part to be described in the FDP. In safety assessment, dose of the general public near the plant site due to decommissioning activities should be evaluated and described. As gaseous radioactive effluents are expected to be released in the process of decommissioning, it is necessary to assess the public dose. In this study, we assessed the public dose due to gaseous radioactive effluents released in NPP decommissioning activities. Materials and Methods: The source term of gaseous radioactive effluent was set based on the decommissioning scenarios suggested in the NUREG-0130. The critical group assumed the maximum individual for adults on the exclusion area boundary. Public exposure pathway was set in accordance with the guideline 2.2 of the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS). In addition, the public dose was assessed through the GASPAR computer code with the factors suggested by the KINS. Results and Discussion: In the decommissioning scenario, the source term for gaseous radioactive effluent was set by using the nuclide fraction according to the contamination type of structures, systems, components in the reference reactor. As a result of the public dose assessment, total annual public dose in the overall decommissioning scenario was 1.95×10–2 μSv/yr. Segmentation on non-activated stainless steel task was the highest at 1.43×10–2 μSv/yr. In the overall scenario, the nuclide with the highest contribution to the public dose was Co-60. As a result of the assessment, it was found that the public dose due to the gaseous radioactive effluent during the decommissioning of the NPP was insignificant compared to the legal dose limit. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as a basis for radiological safety assessment and the management of radioactive effluents in the decommissioning of NPP.

This study aims to analyze what factors influence WTP(Willing To Pay) for cost of development of renewable energy and nuclear power energy. Our research based on the survey data. Our main findings are, first, the public shows a higher willingness to pay(WTP) for renewable energy than that fossil and nuclear energy. Second, WTP for renewable energy is deeply related to not only renewable energy factors such as perceived risk (-), positive image(+) and trust (+), but also fossil energy factors such as perceived benefit (-), positive image (+), trust (-) and knowledge (+). Third, WTP for the development of nuclear energy has been associated with the benefits, risks, images and trust related to nuclear energy. However, variables related to fossil or renewable energy have little impact on WTP for nuclear power energy. While the willingness to pay for renewable energy is influenced by renewable energy as well as fossil fuel factors, the willingness to pay for nuclear energy is s ignificantly influenced by the characteristics of nuclear power itself.

프로젝트관리(PM)는 정해진 기간(Time)에 제한된 비용(Cost)으로 프로젝트의 목표(Goal)를 달성하기 위해 한정된 자원 (Resource)을 효율적으로 관리하는 것이다. 글로벌 비즈니스 시대에 자칫 방만하기 쉽고 대규모의 프로젝트를 수행하는 발 전산업 공기업이 효율적인 PM을 통한 경쟁력 강화는 물론 기술과 관리가 통합된 PM 역량(Competency)을 지속적으로 확 보해 나가기 위해서는 PM 역량이 어떤 수준에 있는지를 평가하는 지표를 개발하여 적용할 수 있어야 한다. PMBOK 9가지 지식영역별 핵심 프로세스를 기반으로 OPM3, CMMI, KPMA, ISO 21500에서 제시하고 있는 PM 평가 영역과 PM 성공요인에 관련된 기존 문헌연구를 통해 PM 역량 평가항목을 추출한 후 각 항목의 중복여부를 확인하고 제거 및 통합과정을 거쳐 PM 역량 평가지표를 도출하였다. 실증분석을 위해 국내 대표적 발전산업 공기업 종사자로 구성된 2차에 걸친 전문가 그룹 설문조사를 통해 평가항목의 우 선순위와 평가영역별 상대적 중요도를 도출하고 평가항목의 가중치를 산정하여 발전산업 공기업에 적합한 PM 역량 평가진 단표를 개발하였다. 그리고 발전산업 공기업 K사를 대상으로 개발된 PM 역량 평가지표를 적용해 PM 역량 실태를 진단 및 분석함으로써 평가지표의 적정성을 확인하였다.

최근 일본의 후쿠시마 사태와 원전운영기관의 폐쇄적인 정책 진행으로 인해 원자력의 안전과 운영기관에 대한 부정적 인식이 널리 퍼져있다. 본 연구의 목적은 원자력 발전의 사회적 수용성을 증진하고 한국수력원자력(주)의 부정적 이미지 개선하기 위함이다. 보다 자세하게는 위험인식, 효용인식, 투명성이 원전의 사회적 수용성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였으며, 한수원에 대한 신뢰성을 매개변수로 삼아 전체 모델로 만들고, 구조방정식을 활용해 실증하였다. 분석 결과, 위험인식, 효용인식과 신뢰성 간의 관계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않게 나타났지만, 사회적 수용성은 신뢰성이 확보되었을 때 증진되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 원자력 운영기관의 투명성 강화는 국민의 신뢰성을 증진시키고, 신뢰성은 매개변수로서 전반적으로 원자력의 수용성을 증진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 이러한 결과를 중심으로 몇 가지 전략적 시사점도 도출하였다

The world is now paying attention to nuclear power as a key measure to solve the current issues, such as fossil fuel depletion and high oil prices, as well as greenhouse gas emissions followed by UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Despite there is a growing need for nuclear power as national energy source, the current Fukushima plant crisis and a closed policy of nuclear plant operator have produced the negative perception that nuclear power is unsafe with potential radiation leaks from any of the nation’s nuclear power plants in Korea. This study aimed at promoting public acceptability of unclear power and diverting a negative image for Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power(KHNP) Company. After a critical review of literature on socio-economic impact of nuclear power, we proposed a new analytical model for the causal paths toward a public acceptability of unclear power. Perceived risk, perceived usefulness, transparency and trustworthiness were employed in the structural equating model as critical factors in determining public acceptability of nuclear power. Especially, trustworthiness was used as a mediating variable. First, perceived risk is expected as one of the key determinants as an increased awareness of the risk negatively affects public acceptability, and the other way around. Second, perceived (economic and social) usefulness is expected as one of the key determinants as local residents’ acceptances are influenced by their economic reliance on nuclear-related facilities. Third, transparency is also expected as one of the key boosting public acceptability of nuclear power as transparency and fairness over policy decisions are associated with policy acceptance. Fourth, the important issue underlying the debate over the acceptance of nuclear power is a low level of confidence; hence trustworthiness is used to estimate the mediating effect on a public acceptability of nuclear power. The results showed that perceived risk, perceived usefulness and trustworthiness had direct effects on public acceptability, while the acceptability was influenced by transparency via trustworthiness which acted as a mediator. The findings suggest some strategic implications. First, it requires an effort to reduce public risk perception of nuclear power. Since perceived risk for nuclear power is governed by technology and information reliability, it is crucial to develop various communication channels and trust-based networking. Second, it requires an effort to offset the subjective and hypothetical risk through enlarging economic and social benefits. Since the potential benefit caused by developing nuclear power facilities can offset the risk and positively affect the acceptability, government should develop the specific policy promoting economic and social benefits in conjunction with mid/long-term programs for community development. Third, the transparency of a nuclear power operator, KHNP, is a key factor influencing trustworthiness. To gain the people’s trust, KHNP should constantly offer transparent and ample information that nuclear plant is safety and stability in the process of construction and administration. Finally, institutional framework is needed to win public confidence. Public distrust and misgivings about nuclear power have been amplified due to the recent corruption scandal of KHNP, unavailability of public information about Fukushima nuclear accident and unilaterally push policies, and the like. These result in falling public confidence and trust. To recover social trust from the public, hence KHNP should draw people’s interest and participation beyond mere public relations through policy reform. In fact, the more sophisticated technology, like nuclear technology, the more openness and participation are needed to enhance public acceptability. In this sense, KHNP is requested to be more efficient and transparent system, offering reliable and ample information in the stages of decision-making and implementation.

본 연구의 목적은 기업에서 실시하고 있는 사내벤처창업의도에 미치는 영향요인을 실증분석 하는 데 있다. 다수의 국내 기업들이 조직 내 사내벤처창업을 유도하고 있으나 사내벤처창업 행동에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향요인을 연구한 논문은 극히 드물다. 본 연구를 위하여 Ajzen(1991)이 초기모델을 재구성한 계획 행동이론(TPB)을 기본으로 연구모형을 설정하고 6가지 가설을 도출하였다. 최종 응답자 310명을 대상으로 설문을 완료하였으며, 가설을 검증하기 위하여 SPSS AMOS Version 23프로그램을 활용하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 창업 행동에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향 요인으로 개인혁신성향은 유의하지 않아 기각되었다. 반면 자존심은 유의하게 나타났다. 사내벤처 창업에 인지된 행동 통제력에 미치는 영향요인으로 조직지원인식과 상사지원인식도 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 사내벤처 창업의도에 미치는 영향요인으로 태도, 주관적 규범, 인지된 행동 통제력 요인 모두 유의한 것으로 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 종합해보면 선행 연구에서 다소 부족한 사내벤처제도 도입 시 고려해 할 창업자의 개인 심리적 요인과 공기업 특성을 반영한 사내벤처 창업의도에 미치는 영향 요인을 실증 분석하였다는데 의의를 두며, 특히 국내전력에너지 공기업이 사내벤처제도를 도입하였을 때 이를 위한 활성 방안 마련과 제도 개선에 시사점을 모색할 수 있을 것이다.

In this study, the study model (Ajzen, 1991) of the Planned Action Theory (TPB) was applied to the Intention of Internal Corporate Venture Start-up and to analyze the factors affecting the intention of starting a business, 310 members of power-energy public enterprises in Korea were verified by applying a structural equation. As a result of the test, Personal Innovativeness was rejected as a significant factor in Attitudes toward Corporate Entrepreneurship Behavior, and Self-esteem was found to be significant and adopted. The Awareness of Organizational Support and Awareness of Supervisor Support were also found to be significant as factors affecting the Perceived Behavioral Control Power of Corporate Entrepreneurship. It was confirmed that Attitude, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control factors were all significant factors as factors influencing the Intention of Internal Corporate Venture Startup. In this study, the factors of influence on the Intention of Internal Corporate Venture Startup, which reflect the personal psychological factors of the start-up and the characteristics of the state-run corporation, which are areas lacking in prior research, were identified, and the Electric Power Energy Public Corporation in Korea provided the theoretical and practical implications necessary for introducing or activating the Internal Corporate Venture System, and for the improvement of the system.

우리 국민들은 원자력 발전에 대해 경제적 효율성 등에 대해서는 매우 긍정적으로 인식 하고 있는 반면, 안전성 등에 관해서는 높은 우려를 가지고 있다. 이러한 부조화는 원자 력 에너지 수용성의 잠재적 요인으로 작용하여 원전 관련 시설 설치 등에 있어 사회적 갈 등을 야기하기도 하며, 나아가 장기적이고 체계적인 국가 에너지 전략 수립을 어렵게 하 기도 한다. 이에 본 연구는 이러한 부조화를 상쇄시키는 방법으로 PR커뮤니케이션을 주 목하였으며, 관련 학계와 현업 전문가 인터뷰를 통해 원자력 관련 정책PR의 현황을 점검 하고 전략적 방향을 모색하였다. 정책PR의 현황에 대해 전문가들은 대체로 지역 및 전국 단위의 PR가 잘 이루어지지 않고 있으며, 일방적 메시지가 대부분이라 평가하였다. 또한 이들은 원전의 경제적 효율성과 친환경 이미지는 수용성을 구성하는 주요한 요인이라 보 았으며, PR를 통해 약점요인인 안전성과 신뢰 문제에도 적극적으로 대처해야 한다고 말 했다. 전문가들은 나아가 쌍방향적 소통 확대와 이를 통한 신뢰 회복 및 우호적 언론환경 조성 등을 향후 원자력 정책PR가 나아가야 할 전략적인 방향으로 제안하였고, 교육, 채 널 및 메시지 전략 등 여러 가지 구체적 방안들도 내놓았다.

Korean people perceive that nuclear power plant (NPP) is economic and highly efficient in producing electricity, whereas they are quite concerned about the potential risk of NPP. This inconsistency is a negative factor against accepting NPP. It produces diverse social conflict around NPP, which interrupts the Korean government to plan a long-term and systematic national energy strategy. This study investigates efficient public relations communication strategies to offset the perceptive inconsistency. Particularly, this study interviewed various communication scholars and practitioners in order to check the current public relations situations and suggest desirable public relations strategies. Experts pointed that public relations for enhancing the NPP acceptance have not been efficiently performed in both the whole country and many regions. They also criticized that public relations messages are mostly one-way communication. Interviewees regarded the efficiency of NPP, technical advance, and pro-environmental image as strength and opportunity factors for enhancing NPP, whereas they pointed out concerns about safety and distrust resulting from the corruption issue around nuclear power as weakness and threat factors. Experts emphasized that practitioners should widely perform two-way communications and actively build and maintain favorable media relations. They claimed that nuclear power industry and its practitioners could recover trust by doing so. In addition, they suggested various and specific public relations strategies for NPP acceptance in terms of education, media channels, and message.

Power-law distribution exists in the world around us. The foretime research on power law distribution has been well-developed and complete widely used in the areas of physics, sociology, biology and finance. The public art is the most extensive form of contact between the public and art such as likes and dislikes in contact. Power-law distribution is the basic attribute of public art. Power-law distribution of public art means that the academic level of public art works is inversely proportional to the power index of the number of audiences. That is to say, the number of audiences of public artworks are easy to access can be understood by many. On the contrary the exploratory public art can only be discussed and studied by the professionals and insiders. This research is based on the study of the index relationship between the academic nature of public artworks and the number of audiences. There are four divisions of power-law distribution in public art: experimental public art (dominated by individuality), commercial public art (Individuality is greater than generality), mainstream public art (Generality is greater than individuality) and daily aesthetic public art (dominated by generality). The number increases exponentially in turn, and plays a role in their respective niches, and forms competition and evolution, promoting the development of public art. Based on the power-law distribution phenomenon in the field of mathematics, this paper divides public art into four types. It expounds the respective value orientation and attributes into four types of public art from the perspectives of politics, economics and daily aesthetics. Its research significance lies in systematically making sense of the important roles played by different types of public art in social development using the logic of mathematical model. This research method is different from the past public art research in the perspective of traditional art history. It not only focuses on the public art itself but also brings the aesthetic object (audience group) of public art into the research category. It points out the relationships between them. This study of public art provides new possibilities.

본 연구는 지방개발공사의 성장과 더불어 직접적인 행정대집행 권한을 가질 필요가 있는 가에 대한 논의의 관점에서 시작되었다. 구체적인 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지방개발공사가 행정대집행을 권한을 가져야 되는 이유와 배경은 무엇인가? 둘째, 행정객체인 국민의 입장에서 지방개발공사가 가지게 될 행정대집행에 대한 긍정적인 측면과 부정적인 측면은 무엇인가? 셋째, 지방개발공사가 행정주체로서의 직접적인 행정대집행 권한을 가지게 될 경우 과연 그 실익은 무엇은가? 그리고 현재 법제도적 문제점은 없는가? 넷째, 지방개발공사 행정대집행 권한 시행시 주민과의 갈등을 최소화할 수 있는 방안은 무엇인가? 연구결과 지방개발공사를 포함한 지방공사가 국가 공기업에 비하여 행정주체로서의 권능을 가지는 것이 현 실정법상 많은 제약을 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 지방행정을 수행함에 있어서 이해관계자들의 적극적인 참여와 책임을 강조하는 행정 거버넌스 흐름의 관점에서 볼 때 지방공기업의 행정권능을 강화하는 노력이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 맥락에서 지방개발공사의 행정 거버넌스 주체로서의 권능을 법리적으로 살펴 본 결과 기관의 인력 및 예산 관리 등은 충분히 거버넌스 주체로서의 체제를 갖추고 있으나 다만 공공기관 운영에 필요한 권한이 부족함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 행정대집행을 비롯한 국가 공기업이 가지고 있는 권한을 추가적으로 보완한다면 충분히 행정 거번넌스 주체로서의 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 평가된다. 이러한 축면에서 행정대집행 권한 도입의 실익을 떠나 이를 지방개발공사가 행사하고 책임을 질 수 있는 제도를 마련하는 것이 필요할 것이다.

This study analyzed the necessity of the proxy power of the growing local development corporation in Korea. Research questions are as follows. First, what are reasons and backgrounds that local development corporation must have the public execution by proxy power? Second, what are the positive and negative aspects of the public proxy execution of local development corporation? Third, what are the actual profits in case that the local development corporation has the public proxy power as a public administration body? Fourth, what are the measures that could minimize the conflicts caused by the proxy power enforcement between inhabitants and the local development corporations? According to the data analysis, the local development corporation has sufficient legal power including the proxy enforcement as public administrative entity compared with the state public enterprise. The study stresses the need of the public proxy power of the local development corporation which discharges its duties and responsibilities.

본 논문은 발전공기업 관리자의 재난관리 리더십 강화방안에 대한 연구이다. 리더십은 공동의 목표를 성취하기 위해 리더가 미치는 사회적 영향력이라고 할 수 있다. 이때 중요한 것은 사회적 영향력이 강압적인 것이 아니며 추종자의 자발적 동의를 이 끌어 내는 것이다. 재난관리는 시간적 전개과정과 대응에 따라 예방ㆍ대비ㆍ대응ㆍ복구의 4단계로 구분하며 각 단계는 독립적 이기 보다는 연계되어 순환되는 성격을 갖고 있다. 발전공기업 관리자의 재난관리 리더십 강화를 모색하는 방안은 발전공기업 재난관리 업무 식별, 재난관리 단계별 재난관리 리더십 현황 검토, 재난관리 단계별 요구되는 재난관리 리더십 개발이다.

연구목적: 본 연구는 시대적 행정 패러다임이 공공부문의 화재 발생에 어떤 영향을 주었는지 찾으려는 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구방법: 이를 위해 신공공관리론에 대한 이론적 고찰을 하고, 보령화력발전소 화재 사고 사례의 원인을 신공공관리론적 가치의 한계를 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과: 이론적 고찰 결과, 신공공관리론의 가치 3가지(관리적 책임성, 능률성, 전문성)와 그에 따른 연구준거를 도출할 수 있었다. 사고 사례의 원인 분석 결과, 공공부문에서 신자유주의 시장화에 기반을 둔 능률성이 과도하게 강조되어 관리적 책임성과 전문성 고양에는 미흡했던 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 결론적으로 신공공관리 론적 가치를 공공부문의 안전관리 부분에 과도하게 적용하는 한계가 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구결과는 소방행정이론의 학술적 발전에 기초자료로 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out how the administrative paradigm of the times affected the public sector's fire. Method: For this purpose, we investigated the New Public Management (NPM). In addition, the reasons of fire accident of Boryeong thermal power plant were analyzed in the limited values of NMP. Result: In theoretical investigation, the 3 values (managerial accountability, efficiency, expertise) of NMP and evaluation criteria were drew out. In investigation on reasons of fire accident, the improvement of accountability and expertise was insufficient due to the emphasis of the efficiency based on the introduction to free market by neoliberalism in public sector. Conclusion: In conclusion, we confirmed that the values of NMP were limited to forcingly apply to the public sector. This study is expected to contribute basic research references to fire administration theory.

원전 일차계통은 복잡한 수질환경으로 방사화생성물과 부식생성물 등 다양한 방사성핵종이 생성되고 있다. 이 방사성핵종 중에서 원전종사자 피폭방사선량평가와 방사성유출물관리 측면에서 중요한 핵종으로는 3H, 14C, 58Co, 60Co, 137Cs, 131I를 들 수 있다. 본 논문은 원전 방사선작업종사자와 원전 주변주민의 피폭방사선량에 기여가 큰 방사성핵종에 대해 살펴보고, 이들 핵종에 의한 선량평가 과정을 소개하였다. 특히 국내 원전에서 발생하였던 131I 내부피폭사건과 일차계통 냉각수의 탈염수 오염사건 등을 포함한 원전의 운영과정에서 일어났던 종사자와 원전주변주민에 대한 피폭 방사선량 평가 사례를 제시하였다. 또한 최근 이슈로 떠오른 삼중수소와 14C의 선량평가에 대한 잠재적인 현안 등도 간단히 기술하였다.

In a primary system at nuclear power plants (NPPs), various radionuclides including fission products and corrosion products are generated due to the complex water conditions. Particularly, 3H, 14C, 58Co, 60Co, 137Cs, and 131I are important radionuclides in respect of dose assessment for radiation workers and management of radioactive effluents. In this paper, the dominant contributors of radiation exposure for radiation workers and the member of public adjacent to NPPs were reviewed and the process of dose assessment attributable to those contributors were introduced. Furthermore, the analysis for some examples of radiation exposure to radiation workers and the public during the NPP operation was carried out. This analysis included the notable precedents of internal radiation exposure and contamination of demineralized water occurred in Korean NPPs. Particularly, the potential issue about the dose assessment of tritium and carbon-14 was also reviewed in this paper.

이 논문의 실증분석은 태안발전본부 직원들의 사회공헌활동에 따른 대인관계, 참여의 지, 업무요인과 만족도 등에 대한 상관관계 및 영향요인을 살펴보았고 향후 중점적으로 시행하여야 할 사회공헌활동 영역에 대한 우선순위와 전문가집단이 인식하는 사회공헌사 업 등을 분석하였다. 분석결과 태안발전본부의 공적 외적인 영역의 사회공헌활동을 활성 화하여 전사적인 지속가능경영으로 지역과 함께 동반성장 할 수 있는 공기업으로 자리매 김 하기 위한 방안을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 태안발전본부 내부의 혁신과 혁신역 량 강화를 위하여 자원의 최적배분과 공정성을 확보하여 진정성 있는 사회공헌활동을 전 개하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 전문적인 프로그램 개발 및 평가를 위한 전담부서를 설치하 여 사회공헌활동에 대한 사내평가체제의 제도적 확립과 지방자치단체 및 지역사회와의 파트너십의 구축이 필요하다. 둘째, 지역발전에 필수공공재적 관점에서의 중장기계획이 필요하다. 교육·복지·의료·문화 등 필수공공재적 관점으로 접근을 시도하여 개별사업이 아닌 Only-One 방식으로 발전소가 보유하고 있는 특성을 연결고리로 삼아 사업별 연계 를 통해 전후방 시너지 효과를 얻을 수 있어야 한다. 셋째, 태안발전본부의 지원 사업에 대한 인식의 전환이 필요하다. 태안발전본부의 공기업으로서의 지역사회 공헌 프로그램 개발에 있어서는 지역명문학교 육성지원 사업, 장학금지원 사업, 원어민 영어교사 지원, 방과 후 학교운영지원 사업, 교육기자재 지원사업과 고용창출과 소득증대에 대한 심도 있는 사업의 운영이 필요하다.

On the basis of the analysis results, this study suggested the strategy for turning Taean Thermal Power Complex Division into the public enterprise which could make a win-win growth with a community by stimulate the social contribution activities in extra-official realm of Taean West Power through sustainable management in the future as follows: The first strategy is to develop an authentic social contribution activities by securing the optimum allocation and fairness of resources for the internal innovation and innovative capability reinforcement of Taean Thermal Power Complex Division. For this purpose, it's necessary to establish institutional in-house evaluation system of social contribution activities by setting up the department that can take exclusive responsibility of specialized program development & evaluation, and to construct a partnership relation with a local autonomous entity and local community. Second, it's necessary to set up a medium-long term plan from the perspective of requisite public goods of district development. In other words, it's necessary to get the synergy effect in all directions through the approach from the perspective of necessary public goods, such as education, welfare, medical service, and culture, etc. and through the connection by project with the characteristic the power plant has as a link in Only-One method other than an individual project. Third, it's necessary for Taean Thermal Power Complex Division staff members to have a change in understanding of the support project conducted by Taean West Power. As regards the development of a local community contribution program led by Taean West Power as a public enterprise, it's advisable to do in-depth project management of regional prestigious school cultivation support project, scholarship support project, native English-speaking instructor support, after-school management support project, educational apparatus support project, and job creation as well as increase in income.

관료제 권력은 민주공화국의 국가지배를 보장․증진하며 국가정책의 효과적인 수행을 위한 수단적 역할을 하는 데 그치는 것이어야 하나, 검찰과 같은 권력기관은 수사권, 수사지휘권, 기소재량권, 공소권, 공소취소권 등을 독점적으로 보유하여 사회적 이슈를 일거에 장악하고 정치권과 사회의 흐름을 바꿀 수 있을 정도로 권력을 키웠다. 검찰 제도는 애초에 ‘법률의 수호자’라는 명분에서 나왔지만, 사실은 ‘권력의 시녀’로 이용할 정치적 목적으로 정치가들이 도입한 측면이 있다. 독일에서는 일찍이 그러한 점을 깊이 인식하고 검찰이 정치적 목적에 이용될 소지를 차단하는 장치를 마련하는 노력을 게을리 하지 않았으나, 한국에서는 그러지 못했기 때문에 검찰은 정치권력 경쟁에 뛰어드는 위험한 관료제 권력으로 나아가고 말았다. 여기에 검찰 권력에 대한 민주적 통제의 필요성이 자리한다. 이러한 배경 하에 이 논문은 검찰 권력의 특수성과 검찰 권력이 배양․증식되는 원리를 고찰하고 검찰권의 일탈․남용 사례와 실증지표들로 실증하면서 검찰 권력에 대한 민주적 통제방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

Bureaucracy will promote and ensure the country dominated by the Democratic Republic, and is also designed for the instrumental role for the effective implementation of national policies. But Bureaucracy has the ability to control or determine the allocation of resources on its own. This power makes the bureaucrats to pursue the structure of the movement ‘the will to power’, which acquires and maintains the power, so far compete to acquire it, through design, promotion, and execution various policies. That is to say, if bureaucrats check the amount of the current power, and then have a feeling of power, it is extended by further increasing desire of power. In this point bureaucratic leads to deviation and abuse, in promoting the private interests, deviated out of the original role. Public Prosecutor’s Office, one of authorities, is not an exception. Prosecutors deeply involve in criminal procedure in general through investigation and execution of sentence. In Particular they not only execute extensive discretion in prosecution, but also command judicial police officers and investigate by themselves armed with own personnel. Prosecutors seized at once a social issue came to enough to change the flow of politics and society. It appeared in this background to diagnosis of ‘Korea is the Republic of prosecution.’ Bureaucratic power of these prosecutors will inevitably create dilemmas encountered in contact with democracy. Because the prosecution system in fact has been introduced for political purposes to take advantage of maid of power, nevertheless, seemingly for the justification of 'guardians of the law'. Such things are early in Germany recognized, and then has been efforted to set a device that blocks the possibility to be used for political purposes. However in korea it did not happen, so the prosecution is heading into dangerous bureaucratic power. Here is why democratic control is necessary for the prosecution authority. Under this background, this study explores the peculiarities of the prosecution authority and the major cause of its multiplication through examining the major cases of abuse. Finally, based on the examination, this paper presents the reform strategies to cure those.

본고는 상징천황제 이후 천황가를 바라보는 대중의 인식 변화를 ‘마사코’라는 기표를 통해 살펴보았다. 천황가를 상업화와 소비의 대상으로 삼아 온 미디어라는 기제는 대중의 관심과 감시를 증폭시켰다. 이러한 대중의 관심은 정보에 대한 선호라는 변화에도 불구하고 천황가와의 소통 방식이라는 점에서 의미가 있을지 모른다. 그러나 대중과 천황가의 ‘관계 맺음’이 황후의 성격과 인품을 ‘창조된’ 역사성과 ‘모순된’ 도덕주의적 서사에 근거해 판단하는 경향을 양산한 것은 황후 개인의 정체성을 파편화해 소비한 결과다. ‘마사코 황후 서사’의 특징은 그녀를 ‘바라보는’ 대중들이 끊임없이 환상의 세계를 만들어 가는 유희적 성격을 가진 대중적 판타지라는 점이다. 판타지 세계에서 시선의 주체가 ‘바라보이는’ 대상과 동일시하며 유희하는 것은 일종의 위안과 도피이기도 하다. 또 마사코라는 기표에 더욱 몰입하기 위해 공무라는 명분을 창출해 강요해 왔다. 이러한 몰입 과정은 마땅히 지켜져야 할 가치가 지켜지지 않는 현실의 문제를 폭로하는 것이자, 그로부터 자신을 방어하며 폭력적 현실을 살아가야 하는 대중 자신을 위로하는 방식일 것이다. 대중이 천황제를 수용하는 과정에서 일어나는 의미 작용 속에 마사코 황후의 서사는 ‘거울 이미지’로서 기능하고 있는 것이다.

This paper examines changes in the public’s perception of the Imperial Family after the symbolic emperor system through the ‘Masako’ label. The media system, which has made the Emperors an object of commercialization and consumption, has amplified public interest in and scrutiny of the Emperors. This public interest may be meaningful as a method of communication with the Imperial Family, despite the change in information preferences. However, the tendency of the public to judge the character and personality of the Empress based on her ‘created’ historicity and ‘contradictory’ moralistic narrative is the result of their consuming of her personal identity in fragments. The ‘Empress Masako narrative’ is characterized as a popular fantasy with a playful character in which the public ‘gazing’ at her continually creates a fantasy world. In this fantasy world, the viewer’s playing with the object of his or her ‘gaze’ is in a way an act of consolation and escapism. In addition, in order to further immerse themselves in the name of ‘Masako,’ they have created and enforced the pretext of official duties. This process of immersion is a way of exposing the problem of the reality in which values that should be protected failed to be upheld, and a way of defending oneself against such problem and consoling oneself for having to live in a violent reality. Empress Masako’s narrative functions as a ‘mirror image’ in the semantic effects that occur in the process of public acceptance of the emperor system.

본 연구는 원자력기술(발전소 포함)에 대한 공중의 미디어의존과 미디어보도에 대한 공중의 태도, 그리고 위험인식이 제도적 신뢰성에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 주요결과 를 중심으로 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 원자력기술에 대한 정보의 미디어의존은 위험 인식에 통계적으로 유의한 정적 영향을 미쳐 원자력기술에 대한 정보를 미디어에 의존 할수록 공중의 위험인식은 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 공중의 원자력기술에 대한 미디어의 보도태도는 위험인식에 통계적으로 유의한 정적 영향을 미쳐 원자력기술에 대 한 미디어의 보도가 정확하고, 잠재적이고 실재적인 위험에 대해 잘 보도하고 있다고 인식할수록 공중의 위험인식도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 공중의 위험인식은 제 도적 신뢰성에 통계적으로 유의한 부적 영향을 미쳐 원자력기술을 위험하다고 인식할수 록 정부의 법과 규제, 정부 전문가들에 대한 신뢰 등 전반적인 제도적 신뢰성은 감소하 는 것으로 나타났다.

This study was to examine the public trust on media dependency and attitude toward media news focused on nuclear (power) technology. Total of 500 participated in this study, The data were analyzed by correlation analysis, reliability analysis and path analysis using SPSS 11.5 program and IBM AMOS 20 program. The results were as follows. First, public' media dependency on the news of nuclear (power) technology influenced positively on risk perception. Second, public' attitude toward media news about nuclear (power) technology influenced positively on risk perception. Third, risk perception influenced negatively on institutional trust.